Cho \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\). Tính:
\(P=\left(1+\frac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{b}{c}\right)\left(1+\frac{c}{a}\right)\)
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\(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a+b+c=0\\\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a+b+c=0\\a=b=c\end{cases}}}\)
Với \(a+b+c=0\) thì \(\hept{\begin{cases}a+b=-c\\a+c=-b\\b+c=-a\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{a+b}{b}.\frac{b+c}{c}.\frac{a+c}{a}=\frac{-c}{b}.\frac{-a}{c}.\frac{-b}{a}=-1\)
Với \(a=b=c\) thì :
\(A=\left(1+\frac{a}{a}\right)\left(1+\frac{b}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{c}{c}\right)=2.2.2=8\)
a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc
=> a3 + b3 +3a2b+ 3ab2 +c3-3abc-3a2b-3ab2=0
=>((a+b)3+c3)-3ab(a+b+c)=0
=>(a+b+c)((a+b)2-(a+b)c+c2)-3ab(a+b+c)=0
=>(a+b+c)(a2+2ab+b2-ac-bc+c2-3ab)=0
=>(a+b+c)(a2+b2+c2-ab-ac-bc)=0
*)TH1: a+b+c=0
=> c=-(a+b)
b=-(a+c)
a=-(b+c)
=>M=\(\left(1-\frac{b+c}{b}\right)\left(1-\frac{a+c}{c}\right)\left(1-\frac{a+b}{a}\right)\)
=>M=\(\left(-\frac{c}{b}\right)\left(-\frac{a}{c}\right)\left(-\frac{b}{a}\right)\)=-1
*)TH2: a2+b2+c2-ac-bc-ab=0
=>2(a2+b2+c2-ac-bc-ab)=0
=>2a2+2b2+2c2-2ac-2bc-2ab=0
=>(a-b)2+(b-c)2+(c-a)2=0
=>a=b=c
=>M=8
Vậy M=8 hoặc M =-1
chọn đúng giúp mình!
Câu 1:
\(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3-3a^2b-3ab^2+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3\right]-3abc\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a+b\right)c+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow0=0\) Đúng (Đpcm)
Áp dụng Bđt Cô si 3 số ta có:
\(a^3+b^3+c^3\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^3b^3c^3}=3abc\)
Dấu = khi a=b=c (Đpcm)
Câu 2
Từ \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=3\cdot\frac{1}{abc}\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{ab}{c^2}+\frac{bc}{a^2}+\frac{ac}{b^2}=\frac{abc}{c^3}+\frac{abc}{a^3}+\frac{abc}{b^3}\)
\(=abc\left(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}\right)\)
\(=abc\cdot3\cdot\frac{1}{abc}=3\)
Bài làm
Ta có : a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc
<=> ( a3 + b3 ) + c3 - 3abc = 0
<=> ( a + b )3 - 3ab( a + b ) + c3 - 3abc = 0
<=> [ ( a + b )3 + c3 ] - [ 3ab( a + b ) + 3abc ] = 0
<=> ( a + b + c )[ ( a + b )2 - ( a + b )c + c2 ] - 3ab( a + b + c ) = 0
<=> ( a + b + c )( a2 + 2ab + b2 - ac - bc + c2 - 3ab ) = 0
<=> ( a + b + c )( a2 + b2 + c2 - ab - bc - ac ) = 0
<=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}a+b+c=0\\a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac=0\end{cases}}\)
Vì a, b, c dương => a + b + c > 0 => a + b + c = 0 vô lí
Xét a2 + b2 + c2 - ab - bc - ac = 0
<=> 2( a2 + b2 + c2 - ab - bc - ac ) = 2.0
<=> 2a2 + 2b2 + 2c2 - 2ab - 2bc - 2ac = 0
<=> ( a2 - 2ab + b2 ) + ( b2 - 2bc + c2 ) + ( a2 - 2ac + c2 ) = 0
<=> ( a - b )2 + ( b - c )2 + ( a - c )2 = 0
VT ≥ 0 ∀ a,b,c . Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\a-c=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\\b=c\\a=c\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
=> \(P=\left(\frac{a}{b}-1\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}-1\right)+\left(\frac{c}{a}-1\right)=\left(\frac{a}{a}-1\right)+\left(\frac{b}{b}-1\right)+\left(\frac{c}{c}-1\right)\)
\(=\left(1-1\right)+\left(1-1\right)+\left(1-1\right)\)
\(=0\)
từ đẳng thức: a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc
suy ra a=b=c hoặc a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+ac+bc=0
thay vào bt M
tìm được M=8 hoặc M=-1
hok tốt
\(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+3a^2b+3b^2a+c^3-3a^2b-3b^2a-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-c\left(a+b\right)+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a+b+c=0\\a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a+b+c=0\\\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a+b+c=0\\a=b=c\end{cases}}\).Với a+b+c=0 thì \(\hept{\begin{cases}a+b=-c\\b+c=-a\\c+a=-b\end{cases}\Rightarrow}M=\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{abc}=-1\)
Với a=b=c thì \(M=8\)
Tham khảo:
Ta có
a^3 + b^3 + c^3 = 3abc
<=> a^3 + b^3 + c^3 - 3abc = 0
<=> (a + b)^3 + c^3 - 3ab(a + b) - 3abc = 0
<=> (a + b + c)^3 - 3c(a + b)(a + b + c) - 3ab(a + b + c) = 0
<=> (a + b + c)^3 - 3(a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca) = 0
<=> (a + b + c)(a^2 + b^2 + c^2 - ab - bc - ca) = 0
<=> a + b + c = 0 hoặc a^2 + b^2 + c^2 - ab - bc - ca = 0
(+) a + b + c = 0
=> A = (1 + a/b)(1+ b/c)(1 + c/a) = (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)/abc = -abc/abc = -1
(+) a^2 + b^2 + c^2 - ab - bc - ca = 0
<=> 1/2.[(a - b)^2 + (b - c)^2 + (c - a)^2] = 0
<=> a - b = b - c = c - a = 0
<=> a = b = c
=> A = (1 + 1)(1 + 1)(1 + 1) = 2.2.2 = 8
Theo bất đẳng thức Cô - si , ta có :
\(a^3+b^3+c^3\Rightarrow3.\sqrt{3}\left(a^3.b^3.c^3\right)\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
\(\Rightarrow3a^3=3abc\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3=abc\Rightarrow a^2=bc\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{a}\)
\(3b^3=3abc\Rightarrow b^3=abc=b^2=ac=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{a}{b}=2.2.2\Rightarrow P=8\)