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a)\(\sqrt{x^2-2x+1}+\sqrt{x^2-4x+4}=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(x-2\right)^2}=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|1-x\right|+\left|x-2\right|=3\)
Có: \(VT=\left|1-x\right|+\left|x-2\right|\)
\(\ge\left|1-x+x-2\right|=3=VP\)
Khi \(x=0;x=3\)
b)\(\sqrt{x^2-10x+25}=3-19x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x-5\right)^2}=3-19x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|x-5\right|=3-19x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-10x+25=361x^2-114x+9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-360x^2+104x+16=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-5\left(5x-2\right)\left(9x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\frac{2}{5};x=-\frac{1}{9}\)
c)\(\sqrt{2x-2+2\sqrt{2x-3}}+\sqrt{2x+13+8\sqrt{2x-3}}=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x-3+2\sqrt{2x-3}+1}+\sqrt{2x-3+8\sqrt{2x-3}+16}=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2x-3}+1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2x-3}+4\right)^2}=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|\sqrt{2x-3}+1\right|+\left|\sqrt{2x-3}+4\right|=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{2x-3}+5=5\)\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x-3}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(ĐK:x\in R\)
\(\sqrt{x^2+x+4}+\sqrt{x^2+x+1}=\sqrt{2x^2+2x+9}\) (*)
Đặt \(x^2+x+1=a;a\ge0\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+x+4=a+3\\2x^2+2x+9=2a+7\end{matrix}\right.\)
(*) \(\Rightarrow\sqrt{a+3}+\sqrt{a}=\sqrt{2a+7}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{a+3}+\sqrt{a}\right)^2=\left(\sqrt{2a+7}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+3+a+2\sqrt{a\left(a+3\right)}=2a+7\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{a\left(a+3\right)}=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a\left(a+3\right)}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(a+3\right)=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+3a-4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=1\left(tm\right)\\a=-4\left(ktm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+x+1=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) \((tm)\)
Vậy \(S=\left\{0;-1\right\}\)
đk: \(-x^4+3x-1\ge0\)
Có \(-\left(x^4+1\right)\le-2x^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{-x^4+3x-1}+\sqrt{2x^2-3x+2}\le\sqrt{3x-2x^2}+\sqrt{2x^2-3x+2}\)
Áp dụng bunhia có: \(\sqrt{3x-2x^2}+\sqrt{2x^2-3x+2}\le\sqrt{\left(1+1\right)\left(3x-2x^{^2}+2x^2-3x+2\right)}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{-x^4+3x-1}+\sqrt{2x^2-3x+2}\le2\) (*)
Có: \(x^4-x^2-2x+4=\left(x^4+1\right)-x^2-2x+3\ge2x^2-x^2-2x+3=\left(x-1\right)^2+2\ge2\) (2*)
Từ (*) (2*) dấu = xảy ra khi x=1 (TM)
Vậy x=1
\(\sqrt{x^2-2x+1}\) + \(\sqrt{x^2-4x+4}\) = 3
<=> \(\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)^2}\)+ \(\sqrt{\left(x-2\right)^2}\)= 3
<=> \(\left|x-1\right|\)+\(\left|x-2\right|\)=3
<=> x - 1 + x - 2 = 3
<=> 2x - 3 = 3
<=> x = \(\dfrac{6}{2}\)= 3
b ,
\(\sqrt{x^2-10x+25}=3-19x\)
<=>\(\sqrt{\left(x-5\right)^2}=3-19x\)
<=> \(\left|x-5\right|=3-19x\)
<=> \(x-5=3-19x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+19x=3+5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow20x=8\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{8}{20}=\dfrac{2}{5}\)
Do vế trái dương nên pt chỉ có nghiệm khi \(x\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\), kết hợp điều kiện \(2x^4-3x^2+1\ge0\Rightarrow x\ge1\)
Khi đó:
\(4x-3=\sqrt{2x^4-3x^2+1}+\sqrt{2x^4-x^2}\ge\sqrt{2x^4-3x^2+1+2x^4-x^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow4x-3\ge\sqrt{4x^4-4x^2+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow4x-3\ge\left|2x^2-1\right|=2x^2-1\)
\(\Rightarrow2x^2-4x+2\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(x-1\right)^2\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=1\)
ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge1\\-4+\sqrt{7}\le x\le-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Khi x thỏa ĐKXĐ, vế phải luôn dương, bình phương 2 vế ta được:
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2+16x+17+2\sqrt{\left(x^2-1\right)\left(2x^2+16x+18\right)}=4x^2+16x+16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{\left(x^2-1\right)\left(2x^2+16x+18\right)}=x^2-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(x^2-1\right)\left(2x^2+16x+18\right)=\left(x^2-1\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-1=0\\4\left(2x^2+16x+18\right)=x^2-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\pm1\\7x^2+64x+73=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\pm1\\x=\dfrac{-32+3\sqrt{57}}{7}\\x=\dfrac{-32-3\sqrt{57}}{7}\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Câu 1:
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2\left(x+1\right)\left(x+3\right)}+\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}=2\left(x+1\right)\)
- Với \(x< -1\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}VT\ge0\\VP< 0\end{matrix}\right.\) pt vô nghiệm
- Nhận thấy \(x=-1\) là 1 nghiệm
- Nếu \(x>-1\) kết hợp ĐKXĐ các căn thức ta được \(x\ge1\), pt tương đương:
\(\sqrt{2\left(x+3\right)}+\sqrt{x-1}=2\sqrt{x+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x+6+x-1+2\sqrt{2\left(x+3\right)\left(x-1\right)}=4x+4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{2x^2+4x-6}=x-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(2x^2+4x-6\right)=\left(x-1\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow7x^2+18x-25=0\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=-\frac{25}{7}< 0\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy pt có nghiệm \(x=\pm1\)
Câu 2:
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge1\)
\(\sqrt{x-1+2\sqrt{x-1}+1}-\sqrt{x-1-2\sqrt{x-1}+1}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x-1}+1\right)^2}-\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x-1}-1\right)^2}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}+1-\left|\sqrt{x-1}-1\right|=2\)
- Nếu \(\sqrt{x-1}-1\ge0\Leftrightarrow x\ge2\) pt trở thành:
\(\sqrt{x-1}+1-\sqrt{x-1}+1=2\Leftrightarrow2=2\) (luôn đúng)
- Nếu \(1\le x< 2\) pt trở thành:
\(\sqrt{x-1}+1-1+\sqrt{x-1}=2\Leftrightarrow x=2\left(l\right)\)
Vậy nghiệm của pt là \(x\ge2\)
Câu 3:
Bình phương 2 vế ta được:
\(2x^2+2x+5+2\sqrt{\left(x^2+x+4\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}=2x^2+2x+9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x^2+x+4\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+x+4\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)=4\)
Đặt \(x^2+x+1=a>0\) pt trở thành:
\(a\left(a+3\right)=4\Leftrightarrow a^2+3a-4=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\a=-4\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+x+1=1\Leftrightarrow x^2+x=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Câu 5:
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge1\)
\(\sqrt{x-1-4\sqrt{x-1}+4}+\sqrt{x-1-6\sqrt{x-1}+9}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x-1}-3\right)^2}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|\sqrt{x-1}-2\right|+\left|\sqrt{x-1}-3\right|=1\)
Mà \(VT=\left|\sqrt{x-1}-2\right|+\left|3-\sqrt{x-1}\right|\ge\left|\sqrt{x-1}-2+3-\sqrt{x-1}\right|=1\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge VP\Rightarrow\) Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-1}-2\ge0\\\sqrt{x-1}-3\le0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow5\le x\le10\)
Vậy nghiệm của pt là \(5\le x\le10\)