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Xét \( A = 1 + \dfrac{{2014}}{2} + \dfrac{{2015}}{3} + ... + \dfrac{{4023}}{{2011}} + \dfrac{{4024}}{{2012}}\\ \)
\(\Rightarrow A - 2012 = \left( {\dfrac{{2014}}{2} - 1} \right) + \left( {\dfrac{{2015}}{3} - 1} \right) + ... + \left( {\dfrac{{4024}}{{2012}} - 1} \right)\\ \Rightarrow A - 2012 = \dfrac{{2012}}{2} + \dfrac{{2012}}{3} + ... + \dfrac{{2012}}{{2012}}\\ \Rightarrow A - 2012 = 2012\left( {\dfrac{1}{2} + \dfrac{1}{3} + ... + \dfrac{1}{{2012}}} \right)\\ \Rightarrow A = 2012\left( {1 + \dfrac{1}{2} + ... + \dfrac{1}{{2012}}} \right)\\ \Rightarrow \left( {1 + \dfrac{1}{2} + \dfrac{1}{3} + ... + \dfrac{1}{{2012}}} \right)503x = 2012\left( {1 + ... + \dfrac{1}{{2012}}} \right)\\ \Rightarrow x = \dfrac{{2012}}{{503}} = 4 \)
\(\frac{B}{A}=\frac{\frac{2012}{1}+\frac{2011}{2}+\frac{2010}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2012}}{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2013}}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\frac{2011}{2}+1\right)+\left(\frac{2010}{3}+1\right)+...+\left(\frac{1}{2012}+1\right)+1}{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2013}}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{2013}{2}+\frac{2013}{3}+\frac{2013}{4}+....+\frac{2013}{2012}+\frac{2013}{2013}}{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+....+\frac{1}{2013}}\)
\(=\frac{2013\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+....+\frac{1}{2013}\right)}{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2013}}=2013\)
a, \(A=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2012}}{\frac{2011}{1}+\frac{2010}{2}+\frac{2009}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2011}}\)
\(A=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2012}}{\left(\frac{2011}{1}+1\right)+\left(\frac{2010}{2}+1\right)+\left(\frac{2009}{3}+1\right)+...+\left(\frac{1}{2011}+1\right)+1}\)
\(A=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2011}}{\frac{2012}{1}+\frac{2012}{2}+\frac{2012}{3}+...+\frac{2012}{2011}+\frac{2012}{2012}}\)
\(A=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2011}}{2012\cdot\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2011}+\frac{1}{2012}\right)}=\frac{1}{2012}\)
b, \(\frac{A}{B}=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+....+\frac{1}{2016}+\frac{1}{2017}}{\frac{2016}{1}+\frac{2015}{2}+\frac{2014}{3}+...+\frac{2}{2015}+\frac{1}{2016}}\)
\(\frac{A}{B}=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2016}+\frac{1}{2017}}{\left(\frac{2016}{1}+1\right)+\left(\frac{2015}{2}+1\right)+\left(\frac{2014}{3}+1\right)+...+\left(\frac{2}{2015}+1\right)+\left(\frac{1}{2016}+1\right)+1}\)
\(\frac{A}{B}=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2017}}{\frac{2017}{1}+\frac{2017}{2}+\frac{2017}{3}+...+\frac{2017}{2015}+\frac{2017}{2016}+\frac{2017}{2017}}\)
\(\frac{A}{B}=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2017}}{2017\cdot\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+....+\frac{1}{2015}+\frac{1}{2016}+\frac{1}{2017}\right)}=\frac{1}{2017}\)
B=\(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^3}+\frac{1}{3^4}+.....+\frac{1}{3^{2012}}+\frac{1}{3^{2013}}\)
3B=\(1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^3}+.....+\frac{1}{3^{2011}}+\frac{1}{3^{2012}}\)
3B-B=\(\left(1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+....+\frac{1}{3^{2011}}+\frac{1}{3^{2012}}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^3}+....+\frac{1}{3^{2012}}+\frac{1}{3^{2013}}\right)\)
2B=\(1-\frac{1}{3^{2013}}\)
\(\Rightarrow2B< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow B< \frac{1}{2}\)
\(B=\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{2013}}\)
\(3B=\frac{1}{3}.3+\frac{1}{3^2}.3+\frac{1}{3^3}.3+...+\frac{1}{3^{2013}}.3\)
\(3B=1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{2012}}\)
\(3B-B=2B=\)
3B= \(1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{2012}}\)
B= \(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{2012}}+\frac{1}{3^{2013}}\)
2B= 1 + 0 + 0 + 0 +.......+ 0 - \(\frac{1}{3^{2013}}\)
\(\Rightarrow2B=1-\frac{1}{3^{2013}}\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2.3^{2013}}\)
\(\Rightarrow B< \frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(B< \frac{1}{2}\).
Ta có Tổng quát \(\frac{1+2+3+...+n}{\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{\frac{\left(n+1\right)n}{2}}{n+1}\)
= \(\frac{n}{2}\)
=> A = \(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{2}{2}+\frac{3}{2}+...+\frac{2012}{2}\)
= \(\frac{1+2+3+..+2012}{2}=\frac{2025078}{2}=1012539\)
\(A=\frac{2.2012}{1+\frac{1}{1+2}+\frac{1}{1+2+3}+...+\frac{1}{1+2+3+...+2012}}\)
\(A=\frac{4024}{1+\frac{1}{2.3:2}+\frac{1}{3.4:2}+...+\frac{1}{2012.2013:2}}\)
\(A=\frac{4024}{1+\frac{2}{2.3}+\frac{2}{3.4}+...+\frac{2}{2012.2013}}\)
\(A=\frac{4024}{1+2\left(\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{2012.2013}\right)}\)
\(A=\frac{4024}{1+2\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2012}-\frac{1}{2013}\right)}\)
\(A=\frac{4024}{1+2\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2013}\right)}\)
\(A=\frac{4024}{1+1-\frac{2}{2013}}=\frac{4024}{2-\frac{2}{2013}}=4024:\frac{4024}{2013}=\frac{4024.2013}{4024}=2013\)