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1: Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\)
=>\(a=b\cdot k;c=d\cdot k\)
\(\dfrac{a}{a+b}=\dfrac{bk}{bk+b}=\dfrac{bk}{b\left(k+1\right)}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\)
\(\dfrac{c}{c+d}=\dfrac{dk}{dk+d}=\dfrac{dk}{d\left(k+1\right)}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{a}{a+b}=\dfrac{c}{c+d}\)
2: \(\dfrac{2a+b}{a-2b}=\dfrac{2\cdot bk+b}{bk-2b}=\dfrac{b\left(2k+1\right)}{b\left(k-2\right)}=\dfrac{2k+1}{k-2}\)
\(\dfrac{2c+d}{c-2d}=\dfrac{2dk+d}{dk-2d}=\dfrac{d\left(2k+1\right)}{d\left(k-2\right)}=\dfrac{2k+1}{k-2}\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{2a+b}{a-2b}=\dfrac{2c+d}{c-2d}\)
3: \(\dfrac{a+b}{a-b}=\dfrac{bk+b}{bk-b}=\dfrac{b\left(k+1\right)}{b\cdot\left(k-1\right)}=\dfrac{k+1}{k-1}\)
\(\dfrac{c+d}{c-d}=\dfrac{dk+d}{dk-d}=\dfrac{d\left(k+1\right)}{d\left(k-1\right)}=\dfrac{k+1}{k-1}\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{a+b}{a-b}=\dfrac{c+d}{c-d}\)
4: \(\dfrac{5a+3b}{5c+3d}=\dfrac{5\cdot bk+3b}{5dk+3d}=\dfrac{b\left(5k+3\right)}{d\left(5k+3\right)}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
\(\dfrac{5a-3b}{5c-3d}=\dfrac{5\cdot bk-3b}{5\cdot dk-3d}=\dfrac{b\left(5k-3\right)}{d\left(5k-3\right)}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{5a+3b}{5c+3d}=\dfrac{5a-3b}{5c-3d}\)
1) Xét:
\(\left(a-b\right)+\left(c-d\right)=a-b+c-d\)
\(\left(a+c\right)-\left(b+d\right)=a+c-b-d=a-b+c-d\) (giao hoán)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)+\left(c-d\right)=\left(a+c\right)-\left(b+d\right)\)
2) Xét:
\(-\left(-a+c-d\right)-\left(-c-a+d\right)=a-c+d+c+a-d\)
\(=\left(a-a\right)+\left(c-c\right)+\left(d-d\right)\)
\(=0\)
Vậy \(-\left(-a+c-d\right)-\left(-c-a+d\right)=0\)
3) Xét:
\(a\left(b-c-d\right)-a\left(b+c-d\right)\)
\(=ab-ac-ad-ab-ac+ad\)
\(=\left(ab-ab\right)+\left(ac-ac\right)+\left(-ad+ad\right)\)
\(=0\)
Vậy \(a\left(b-c-d\right)-a\left(b+c-d\right)=0\)
P/s: test lại đề phần 2) dấu của số trừ
Nghỉ lâu, giờ vào bài :v
Ta có : a,b,c,d >0
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}>\dfrac{a}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\dfrac{b}{b+c+d}>\dfrac{b}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\dfrac{c}{c+d+a}>\dfrac{c}{c+d+a+b}\)
\(\dfrac{d}{d+a+b}>\dfrac{d}{d+a+b+c}\)
Cộng cả 4 vế , ta được :
\(\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+c+d}+\dfrac{c}{c+d+a}+\dfrac{d}{d+a+b}>\dfrac{a}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{b}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{c}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{d}{a+b+c+d}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c+d}=1\)Vậy \(\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+c+d}+\dfrac{c}{c+d+a}+\dfrac{d}{d+a+b}>1\left(1\right)\)
Ta lại có : \(\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}< \dfrac{a}{a+c}\)
\(\dfrac{b}{b+c+d}< \dfrac{b}{b+d}\)
\(\dfrac{c}{c+d+a}< \dfrac{c}{c+a}\)
\(\dfrac{d}{d+a+b}< \dfrac{d}{d+b}\)
Cộng 4 vế , ta được :
\(\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+c+d}+\dfrac{c}{c+d+a}+\dfrac{d}{d+a+b}< \dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+d}+\dfrac{c}{a+c}+\dfrac{d}{b+d}=\left(\dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+c}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{b+d}+\dfrac{d}{b+d}\right)=\left(\dfrac{a+c}{a+c}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b+d}{b+d}\right)=1+1=2\)
Vậy \(\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+c+d}+\dfrac{c}{c+d+a}+\dfrac{d}{d+a+b}< 2\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2)=> đpcm
Đặt A = a/a+b+c + b/b+c+d + c/c+d+a + d/d+a+b
A > a/a+b+c+d + b/a+b+c+d + c/a+b+c+d + d+a+b+c+d
A > a+b+c+d/a+b+c+d = 1 (1)
Áp dụng a/b < 1 <=> a/b < a+m/b+m (a;b;m > 0) ta có:
A < a+d/a+b+c+d + a+b/a+b+c+d + b+c/a+b+c+d + c+d/a+b+c+d
A < 2.(a+b+c+d)/a+b+c+d
A < 2
Từ (1) và (2) => đpcm
Do a/b=c/d ⇔ ad=bc
1) Ta có: (a+c)b=ab+bc
(b+d)a=ab+ad
Do bc=ad nên ab+ad=ab+bc
Suy ra (a+c)b=(b+d)a (đpcm)
2) Ta có: (b+d)c=bc+dc
(a+c)d=ad+cd
Do bc=ad nên bc+dc=ad+cd
Suy ra (b+d)c=(b+d)c (đpcm)
3)Ta có:(a+b)(c-d)=ac-ad+bc-bd=(ac-bd)-(ad-bc)
(a-b)(c+d)=ac+ad-bc-bd=(ac-bd)+(ad-bc)
Do ad=bc ⇔ ad-bc=0 nên (ac-bd)-(ad-bc)=(ac-bd)+(ad-bc)
⇔(a+b)(c-d)= (a-b)(c+d) (đpcm)