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đặt biể thức cần chứng minh là P
\(\dfrac{a}{\left(b+c\right)^2}=\dfrac{a^2}{a\left(b+c\right)^2}=\dfrac{\dfrac{a^2}{\left(b+c\right)^2}}{\dfrac{a\left(b+c\right)^2}{\left(b+c\right)^2}}=\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}\right)^2}{a}\)
\(t\)ương tự
\(=>P\ge\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\right)^2}{a+b+c}\)
\(=>P\ge\dfrac{[\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+ba}+\dfrac{c^2}{ca+cb}]^2}{a+b+c}\)
\(=>P\ge\dfrac{[\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}]^2}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{[\dfrac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}]^2}{a+b+c}\)
\(=>P\ge\dfrac{\dfrac{9}{4}}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{9}{4\left(a+b+c\right)}\) dấu"=" xảy ra<=>a=b=c
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si cho các số dương ta có:
\(\frac{a}{4}+b\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{4}}=\sqrt{ab}\)
\(\frac{a}{4}+c\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{ac}{4}}=\sqrt{ac}\)
\(\frac{a}{4}+d\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{ad}{4}}=\sqrt{ad}\)
\(\frac{a}{4}+e\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{ae}{4}}=\sqrt{ae}\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c+d+e\geq \sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{ad}+\sqrt{ae}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c+d+e\geq \sqrt{a}(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}+\sqrt{d}+\sqrt{e})\)
Ta có đpcm.
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(\frac{a}{4}=b=c=d=e\)
Ta có:
\(\left(\dfrac{a-b}{c}+\dfrac{b-c}{a}+\dfrac{c-a}{b}\right)\left(\dfrac{c}{a-b}+\dfrac{a}{b-c}+\dfrac{b}{c-a}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{c}{a-b}\left(\dfrac{a-b}{c}+\dfrac{b-c}{a}+\dfrac{c-a}{b}\right)+\dfrac{a}{b-c}\left(\dfrac{a-b}{c}+\dfrac{b-c}{a}+\dfrac{c-a}{b}\right)+\dfrac{b}{c-a}\left(\dfrac{a-b}{c}+\dfrac{b-c}{a}+\dfrac{c-a}{b}\right)\)
Xét:
\(\dfrac{c}{a-b}\left(\dfrac{a-b}{c}+\dfrac{b-c}{a}+\dfrac{c-a}{b}\right)\)
\(=1+\dfrac{c}{a-b}\left[\dfrac{b\left(b-c\right)+a\left(c-a\right)}{ab}\right]=1+\dfrac{c}{a-b}\left(\dfrac{b^2-bc+ac-a^2}{ab}\right)\)
\(=1+\dfrac{c}{a-b}\left[\dfrac{\left(b-a\right)\left(b+a\right)-c\left(b-a\right)}{ab}\right]=1+\dfrac{c}{a-b}.\dfrac{\left(b-a\right)\left(a+b-c\right)}{ab}\)
\(=1-\dfrac{c\left(a+b-c\right)}{ab}=1-\dfrac{c.\left(-2c\right)}{ab}=1+\dfrac{2c^2}{ab}\) (do \(a+b+c=0\Rightarrow a+b=-c\))
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{a}{b-c}\left(\dfrac{a-b}{c}+\dfrac{b-c}{a}+\dfrac{c-a}{b}\right)=1+\dfrac{2a^2}{bc}\)
\(\dfrac{b}{c-a}\left(\dfrac{a-b}{c}+\dfrac{b-c}{a}+\dfrac{c-a}{b}\right)=1+\dfrac{2b^2}{ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=3+2\left(\dfrac{a^2}{bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{ca}+\dfrac{c^2}{ab}\right)=3+\dfrac{2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)}{abc}\)
Mặt khác ta có đằng thức quen thuộc:
Khi \(a+b+c=0\) thì \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
\(\Rightarrow P=3+\dfrac{2.3abc}{abc}=9\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\text{VT}\geq \frac{(a+b+c)^2}{ab+bc+ac}\)
Ta sẽ cm \(\frac{(a+b+c)^2}{ab+bc+ac}\geq \frac{9}{a+b+c}\Leftrightarrow (a+b+c)^3\geq 9(ab+bc+ac)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{[3+2(ab+bc+ac)]^3}\geq 9(ab+bc+ac)\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{3+2(ab+bc+ac)}=t\) thì dễ thấy $0< t\leq 3$
Khi đó:
\((a+b+c)^3\geq 9(ab+bc+ac)\Leftrightarrow t^3\geq 9.\frac{t^2-3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 2t^3-9t^2+27\geq 0\)
$\Leftrightarrow (t-3)^2(2t+3)\geq 0$. Luôn đúng với mọi $t>0$
Vậy ta có đpcm
Dấu "=' xảy ra khi $a=b=c=1$
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\text{VT}=\frac{a^4}{a^2b+9a}+\frac{b^4}{ab^2+9b}+\frac{b^4}{b^2c+9b}+\frac{c^4}{bc^2+9c}+\frac{c^4}{c^2a+9c}+\frac{a^4}{ca^2+9a}\)
\(\ge \frac{(a^2+b^2+b^2+c^2+c^2+a^2)^2}{ab(a+b)+bc(b+c)+ca(c+a)+18(a+b+c)}=\frac{4(a^2+b^2+c^2)^2}{ab(a+b)+bc(b+c)+ca(c+a)+162}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(a^3+b^3+c^3=\frac{a^3+b^3+b^3}{3}+\frac{b^3+c^3+c^3}{3}+\frac{c^3+a^3+a^3}{3}\geq ab^2+bc^2+ca^2\)
Tương tự: \(a^3+b^3+c^3\geq a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3\geq \frac{ab(a+b)+bc(b+c)+ca(c+a)}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+ab(a+b)+bc(c+a)+ca(c+a)\geq \frac{3}{2}[ab(a+b)+bc(b+c)+ca(c+a)]\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a^2+b^2+c^2)(a+b+c)\geq \frac{3}{2}[ab(a+b)+bc(b+c)+ca(c+a)]\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab(a+b)+bc(b+c)+ca(c+a)\leq 6(a^2+b^2+c^2)\)
Do đó: \(\text{VT}\geq \frac{4(a^2+b^2+c^2)^2}{6(a^2+b^2+c^2)+162}\)
Đặt \(a^2+b^2+c^2=t\). Dễ thấy \(t\geq \frac{(a+b+c)^2}{3}=27\). Khi đó:
\(\frac{4(a^2+b^2+c^2)^2}{6(a^2+b^2+c^2)+162}-9=\frac{4t^2}{6t+162}-9=\frac{2(t-27)(2t+27)}{6t+162}\geq 0, \forall t\geq 27\)
\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq \frac{4t^2}{6t+162}\geq 9\) (đpcm). Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=3$
Bài 2:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\text{VT}=a-\frac{ab^2}{a+b^2}+b-\frac{bc^2}{b+c^2}+c-\frac{ca^2}{c+a^2}=(a+b+c)-\left(\frac{ab^2}{a+b^2}+\frac{bc^2}{b+c^2}+\frac{ca^2}{c+a^2}\right)\)
\(\geq (a+b+c)-\left(\frac{ab^2}{2\sqrt{ab^2}}+\frac{bc^2}{2\sqrt{bc^2}}+\frac{ca^2}{\sqrt{ca^2}}\right)=(a+b+c)-\frac{1}{2}(\sqrt{ab^2}+\sqrt{bc^2}+\sqrt{ca^2})\)
\(\geq (a+b+c)-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{ab+b}{2}+\frac{bc+c}{2}+\frac{ca+a}{2}\right)=\frac{3(a+b+c)-(ab+bc+ac)}{2}\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\((a+b+c)^2\geq 3(ab+bc+ac)=(a^2+b^2+c^2)(ab+bc+ac)\geq (ab+bc+ac)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\geq ab+bc+ac\)
Do đó: \(\text{VT}\geq \frac{3(a+b+c)-(a+b+c)}{2}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=1$