10. CMR:
\(\sqrt{\text{1+2+3+...+(n−1)+n+(n−1)+...+3+2+1 }}\) = n
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\(A=\sqrt[]{1+2+3+...+\left(n-1\right)+n+...+3+2+1}\)
Ta có :
\(1+2+3+...+\left(n-1\right)=\left(n-1\right)+...+3+2+1=\left[\left(n-1\right)-1\right]+1\left(n-1+1\right):2\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(n-1\right)n}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\sqrt[]{\dfrac{\left(n-1\right)n}{2}.2+n}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\sqrt[]{\left(n-1\right)n+n}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\sqrt[]{n^2-n+n}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\sqrt[]{n^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=n\left(n>0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow dpcm\)
\(1,\)
\(a,\) Với \(n=1\Leftrightarrow5+2\cdot1+1=8⋮8\left(đúng\right)\)
Giả sử \(n=k\left(k\ge1\right)\Leftrightarrow5^k+2\cdot3^{k-1}+1⋮8\)
Với \(n=k+1\)
\(5^n+2\cdot3^{n-1}+1=5^{k+1}+2\cdot3^k+1\\ =5^k\cdot5+2\cdot3^k+1\\ =5^k\cdot2+2\cdot3^k+5^k\cdot3+1\\ =2\left(5^k+3^k\right)+5^k+2\cdot5^{k-1}+1+2\cdot3^{k-1}-2\cdot3^{k-1}\\ =2\left(5^k+3^k\right)+\left(5^k+2\cdot3^{k-1}+1\right)-2\left(3^{k-1}+5^{k-1}\right)\)
Vì \(5^k+3^k⋮\left(5+3\right)=8;5^{k-1}+3^{k-1}⋮\left(5+3\right)=8;5^k+2\cdot3^{k-1}+1⋮8\) nên \(5^{k+1}+2\cdot3^k+1⋮8\)
Theo pp quy nạp ta được đpcm
\(b,\) Với \(n=1\Leftrightarrow3^3+4^3=91⋮13\left(đúng\right)\)
Giả sử \(n=k\left(k\ge1\right)\Leftrightarrow3^{k+2}+4^{2k+1}⋮13\)
Với \(n=k+1\)
\(3^{n+2}+4^{2n+1}=3^{k+3}+4^{2k+3}\\ =3^{k+2}\cdot3+16\cdot4^{2k+1}\\ =3^{k+2}\cdot3+3\cdot4^{2k+1}+13\cdot4^{2k+1}\\ =3\left(3^{k+2}+4^{2k+1}\right)+13\cdot4^{2k+1}\)
Vì \(3^{k+2}+4^{2k+1}⋮13;13\cdot4^{2k+1}⋮13\) nên \(3^{k+3}+4^{2k+3}⋮13\)
Theo pp quy nạp ta được đpcm
\(1,\)
\(c,C=6^{2n}+3^{n+2}+3^n\\ C=36^n+3^n\cdot9+3^n\\ C=\left(36^n-3^n\right)+\left(3^n\cdot9+2\cdot3^n\right)\\ C=\left(36^n-3^n\right)+3^n\cdot11\)
Vì \(36^n-3^n⋮\left(36-3\right)=33⋮11;3^n\cdot11⋮11\) nên \(C⋮11\)
\(d,D=1^n+2^n+5^n+8^n\)
Vì \(1^n+2^n+5^n⋮\left(1+2+5\right)=8;8^n⋮8\) nên \(D⋮8\)
Nhận xét: \(\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}=\sqrt{\left(n+1\right)^2n}=\sqrt{\left(n+1\right)n\left(n+1\right)};n\sqrt{n+1}=\sqrt{n^2\left(n+1\right)}=\sqrt{n.n\left(n+1\right)}\)
=> \(\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}>n\sqrt{n+1}\) => \(2.\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}>\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}\)
=> \(\frac{2}{2.\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}<\frac{2}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}.\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)}\)
=> \(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}<\frac{2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}.\left(\left(\sqrt{n+1}\right)^2-\left(\sqrt{n}\right)^2\right)}=2.\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
Áp dụng ta có:
\(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1}}<2.\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\right)\)
....
\(\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}<2.\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}<2.\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
=> A < \(2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)=2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)<2\)
Vậy A < 2
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\sqrt{n}}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)\(=\left(1+\frac{\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)<2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
Dễ dàng giải tiếp bài toán
1,
Ta có; \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{100}}\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{100}}\)
........
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{100}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{100}}\)
Cộng các vế ta được:
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{100}}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{100}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{100}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{100}}=\frac{100}{\sqrt{100}}=10\) (đpcm)
2,Câu hỏi của Nguyễn Như Quỳnh - Toán lớp 7 | Học trực tuyến
3,
3n+2-2n+2+3n-2n
= 3n.32-2n.22+3n-2n
= 3n(9 + 1) - 2n(4 + 1)
= 3n.10 - 2n.5
= 3n.10 - 2n-1.10
= 10(3n - 2n-1) chia hết cho 10
\(\sqrt{1+2+3+...+\left(n-1\right)+n+\left(n-1\right)+...+3+2+1}\)
\(=\sqrt{2\left(1+2+3+...+\left(n-1\right)\right)+n}\)
\(=\sqrt{2\cdot\left(\dfrac{\left(n-1\right)\left(n-1+1\right)}{2}\right)+n}\)
\(=\sqrt{n\left(n-1\right)+n}=\sqrt{n^2}=n\)