Chứng minh rằng: A = 1 + 51 + 52 + 53 + ... + 599 + 5100 + 5101 chia hết cho 31.
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\(B=3+3^2+3^3+3^4+...+3^{2009}+3^{2010}\)
\(=\left(3+3^2\right)+\left(3^3+3^4\right)+...+\left(3^{2009}+3^{2010}\right)\)
\(=3\left(1+3\right)+3^3\left(1+3\right)+...+3^{2009}\left(1+3\right)\)
\(=4.\left(3+3^3+...+3^{2009}\right)\)
⇒ \(B\) ⋮ 4
b: \(C=5\left(1+5+5^2\right)+...+5^{2008}\left(1+5+5^2\right)=31\cdot\left(5+...+5^{2008}\right)⋮31\)
0\(a.S=1-5+5^2-5^3+...+5^{98}-5^{99}\\ 5S=5-5^2+5^3-5^4+.....+5^{99}-5^{100}\\ 5S+S=\left(5-5^2+5^3-5^4+.....+5^{99}-5^{100}\right)+\left(1-5^{ }+5^2-5^3+.....+5^{98}-5^{99}\right)\\ 6S=1-5^{100}\\ S=\dfrac{1-5^{100}}{6}\\ \)
\(b,S6=1-5^{100}\\ 1-S6=5^{100}\)
=> 5100 chia 6 du 1
Bài 1:
\(a,A=\left(2+2^2\right)+\left(2^3+2^4\right)+...+\left(2^{2009}+2^{2010}\right)\\ A=\left(1+2\right)\left(2+2^3+...+2^{2009}\right)=3\left(2+...+2^{2009}\right)⋮3\\ A=\left(2+2^2+2^3\right)+...+\left(2^{2008}+2^{2009}+2^{2010}\right)\\ A=\left(1+2+2^2\right)\left(2+...+2^{2008}\right)=7\left(2+...+2^{2008}\right)⋮7\)
\(b,\left(\text{sửa lại đề}\right)B=\left(3+3^2\right)+\left(3^3+3^4\right)+...+\left(3^{2009}+3^{2010}\right)\\ B=\left(1+3\right)\left(3+3^3+...+3^{2009}\right)=4\left(3+3^3+...+3^{2009}\right)⋮4\\ B=\left(3+3^2+3^3\right)+...+\left(3^{2008}+3^{2009}+3^{2010}\right)\\ B=\left(1+3+3^2\right)\left(3+...+3^{2008}\right)=13\left(3+...+3^{2008}\right)⋮13\)
Bài 2:
\(a,\Rightarrow2A=2+2^2+...+2^{2012}\\ \Rightarrow2A-A=2+2^2+...+2^{2012}-1-2-2^2-...-2^{2011}\\ \Rightarrow A=2^{2012}-1>2^{2011}-1=B\\ b,A=\left(2020-1\right)\left(2020+1\right)=2020^2-2020+2020-1=2020^2-1< B\)
Bài 1:
1) \(9A=3^3+3^5+...+3^{113}\)
\(\Rightarrow8A=9A-A=3^3+3^5+...+3^{113}-3-3^3-...-3^{111}=3^{113}-3\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{3^{113}-3}{8}\)
2) \(9B=3^4+3^6+...+3^{202}\)
\(\Rightarrow8B=9B-B=3^4+3^6+...+3^{202}-3^2-3^4-...-3^{200}=3^{202}-3^2=3^{202}-9\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\dfrac{3^{202}-9}{8}\)
3) \(25C=5^3+5^5+...+5^{101}\)
\(\Rightarrow24C=25C-C=5^3+5^5+...+5^{101}-5-5^3-...-5^{99}=5^{101}-5\)
\(\Rightarrow C=\dfrac{5^{101}-5}{24}\)
4) \(25D=5^4+5^6+...+5^{102}\)
\(\Rightarrow24D=25D-D=5^4+5^6+...+5^{102}-5^2-5^4-...-5^{100}=5^{102}-25\)
\(\Rightarrow D=\dfrac{5^{102}-25}{24}\)
Bài 2:
a) Gọi d là UCLN(2n+1,n+1)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2n+1⋮d\\n+1⋮d\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2n+1⋮d\\2n+2⋮d\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2n+2\right)-\left(2n+1\right)⋮d\Rightarrow1⋮d\)
Vậy 2n+1 và n+1 là 2 số nguyên tố cùng nhau
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2n+1}{n+1}\) là phân số tối giản
b) Gọi d là UCLN(2n+3,3n+4)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2n+3⋮d\\3n+4⋮d\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}6n+9⋮d\\6n+8⋮d\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(6n+9\right)-\left(6n+8\right)⋮d\Rightarrow1⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2n+3}{3n+4}\) là phân số tối giản
Ta có : \(A=\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{99.100}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{99}-\frac{1}{100}\)
\(=\left(1+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{99}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{100}\right)\)
\(=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{99}+\frac{1}{100}\right)-2\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{100}\right)\)
\(=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{99}+\frac{1}{100}\right)-\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+...+\frac{1}{50}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{51}+\frac{1}{52}+...+\frac{1}{100}\)
\(B=\frac{2015}{51}+\frac{2015}{52}+...+\frac{2015}{100}\)
\(=2015\left(\frac{1}{51}+\frac{1}{52}+...+\frac{1}{100}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\frac{B}{A}=\frac{2015\left(\frac{1}{51}+\frac{1}{52}+...+\frac{1}{100}\right)}{\frac{1}{51}+\frac{1}{52}+...+\frac{1}{100}}=2015\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(B⋮A\)
A = 1 + 51 + 52 + 53 +.......+ 599 + 5100 + 5101
A = (1 + 5 + 52) + 53.(1+5+52) + .......+599.(1+5+52)
A = (1 + 5 + 25) + 53.(1 + 5 + 25) +.......+ 599.(1 + 5 + 25)
A = 31 + 53 .31 +.......+599.31
A = 31 .(53 + 56 +........+599)
vì 31 .(53 + 56 +........+599) ⋮ 31
vậy A ⋮ 31