chứng minh 1/3+1/3^2+1/3^3+...+1/3^2011+1/3^2012 < 1/2
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A=(3^0+3^1+3^2+3^3)+(3^4+3^5+3^6+3^7)+...+(3^2009+3^2010+3^2011+3^2012)
A=40+3^4*(1+3+3^2+3^3)+...+3^2009*(1+3+3^2+3^3)
A-1=40+80*40+...+3^2009*40
A-1=40*(1+80+..+3^2009)
A= 1 +(3^1+3^2+3^3+3^4)+..............................+(3^2009+3^2010+3^2011+3^2012)
A=1+120+................................+3^2009*(3^1+3^2+3^3+3^4)
A=1+(1+.....................+3^2009)*120
Vì 120 chia hết cho 40
suy ra (1+..........................+3^2009) chia hết cho 40
suy ra A chia 40 dư 1
suy ra A-1 chia hết cho 40
\(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\sqrt{n}}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
\(< \sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\right)=2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow N< 2\left(\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2011}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2012}}\right)\)
\(N< 2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2012}}\right)< 2.1=2\)
Ta có : \(A=1-3+3^2-3^3+...+3^{2010}-3^{2011}+3^{2012}\)
\(\Rightarrow3A=3-3^2+3^3-3^4+....+3^{2011}-3^{2012}+3^{2013}\)
\(\Rightarrow3A+A=3^{2013}+1\)
\(\Rightarrow4A=3^{2013}+1\)
\(\Rightarrow4A-1=3^{2013}\) là lũy thừa bậc 3. (đpcm)
3.A=3 .\(\left(1-3+3^2-3^3+...-3^{2011}+3^{2012}\right)\)
3.A= \(3-3^2+3^3-3^4+..-3^{2012}+3^{2013}\)
3A+A=\(3-3^2+3^3-3^4+..-3^{2012}+3^{2013}\)+\(\left(1-3+3^2-3^3+...-3^{2011}+3^{2012}\right)\)
4A= \(1+3^{2013}\)
nên 4A-1=32013
Vậy 4A-1 là lũy thừa của 3
A = 1 - 3 + 32 - 33 + ... - 32011 + 32012
3A = 3( 1 - 3 + 32 - 33 + ... - 32011 + 32012 )
= 3 - 32 + 33 - 34 + ... - 32012 + 32013 )
=> 4A = 3A + A
= ( 3 - 32 + 33 - 34 + ... - 32012 + 32013 ) + ( 1 - 3 + 32 - 33 + ... - 32011 + 32012 )
= 3 - 32 + 33 - 34 + ... - 32012 + 32013 + 1 - 3 + 32 - 33 + ... - 32011 + 32012
= ( 3 + 1 - 3 ) + ( 32 - 32 ) + ( 33 - 33 ) + ... + ( 32012 - 32012 ) + 32013
= 1 + 32013
4A - 1 <=> 1 + 32013 - 1 = 32013
=> đpcm
Đặt A = 1/3 + 1/3^2 + 1/3^3 + ... + 1/3^2011 + 1/3^2012
3A = 1 + 1/3 + 1/3^2 + ... + 1/3^2010 + 1/3^2011
3A - A = ( 1 + 1/3 + 1/3^2 + ... + 1/3^2010 + 1/3^2011) - ( 1/3 + 1/3^2 + 1/3^3 + ... + 1/3^2011 + 1/3^2012)
A= 1/3+1/3^2+1/3^3+...+1/3^2011+1/3^2012
1/3.A= 1/3^2+1/3^3+1/3^4+...+1/3^2012+1/3^2013
=> 1/3.A-A=-2/3.A = (1/3^2+1/3^3+1/3^4+...+1/3^2012+1/3^2013) - ( 1/3+1/3^2+1/3^3+...+1/3^2011+1/3^2012 )
=> -2/3.A= 1/3^2013 +1/3
=> A= (1/3^2013+1/3) : -2/3
Ta được A < 1/2
:D