Bài 5 : Chứng minh rằng
a)\(\left(n+3\right)^2-\left(n-1\right)^2\) chia hết cho 8 với mọi n ∈ N
b) A = \(\frac{n^5}{120}+\frac{n^4}{12}+\frac{7n^3}{24}+\frac{5n^2}{12}+\frac{n}{5}\) có giá trị nguyên với mọi n ∈ Z
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Tiếp câu b nha
\(A=\frac{n^5}{120}+\frac{n^4}{10}+\frac{7n^3}{24}+\frac{5n^2}{12}+\frac{n}{5}\)
\(=\frac{n^5+10n^4+35n^3+50n^2+24n}{120}\)
Ta có:\(n^5+10n^4+35n^3+50n^2+24n\)
\(=n\left(n^4+10x^3+35x^2+50x+24\right)\)
\(=n\left(n^4+2n^3+8n^3+16n^2+19n^2+38n+12n+4\right)\)
\(=n\left(n+3\right)\left(n^3+3n^2+5n^2+15n+4n+12\right)\)
\(=n\left(n+2\right)\left(n+3\right)\left(n+4n+n+4\right)\)
\(=n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left(n+3\right)\left(n+4\right)⋮3;5;8\)
Mà \(ƯC\left(3;5;8\right)=1\)
\(\Rightarrow n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left(n+3\right)\left(n+4\right)⋮120\)
Vậy A chia hết cho 120
+ Ta có : \(n^5-n=n\left(n^2-1\right)\left(n^2+1\right)\)
\(=n\left(n-1\right)\left(n+1\right)\left(n^2-4+5\right)\)
\(=\left(n-2\right)\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)+5\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)\)
+ \(\left(n-2\right)\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\)là tích 5 số nguyên liên tiếp
\(\Rightarrow\left(n-2\right)\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)⋮5\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(n-2\right)\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)+5\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)⋮5\)
\(\Rightarrow n^5-n⋮5\)
+ \(n^3-n=\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)⋮3\)
\(B=\frac{n^5-n}{5}+\frac{n^3-n}{3}+\frac{7n}{15}+\frac{n}{5}+\frac{n}{3}\)
\(=\frac{n^5-n}{5}+\frac{n^3-n}{3}+\frac{15n}{15}\)
=> B là số nguyên
\(A=\frac{n^5+10n^4+35n^3+50n^2+24n}{120}\) \(=\frac{n\left[n^3\left(n+1\right)+9n^2\left(n+1\right)+26n\left(n+1\right)+24\left(n+1\right)\right]}{120}\)
\(=\frac{n\left(n+1\right)\left[n^3+9n^2+26n+24\right]}{120}\) \(=\frac{n\left(n+1\right)\left[n^2\left(n+2\right)+7n\left(n+2\right)+12\left(n+2\right)\right]}{120}\)
\(=\frac{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left(n^2+7n+12\right)}{120}\) \(=\frac{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left(n+3\right)\left(n+4\right)}{120}\)
+ \(n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left(n+3\right)\left(n+4\right)\)là tích 5 số nguyên liên tiếp\
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left(n+3\right)\left(n+4\right)⋮3\\n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left(n+3\right)\left(n+4\right)⋮5\end{matrix}\right.\) (1)
+ trong 5 số nguyên liên tiếp tồn tại ít nhất 2 số chẵn liên tiếp
\(\Rightarrow n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left(n+3\right)\left(n+4\right)⋮8\) ( do tích 2 số chẵn liên tiếp chia hết cho 8 ) (2)
+ Từ (1) và (2) => \(n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left(n+3\right)\left(n+4\right)⋮120\)
=> đpcm
+ \(C=\frac{n^3+3n^2+2n}{24}=\frac{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}{24}\)
+ \(n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\) là tích 3 số nguyên liên tiếp
\(\Rightarrow n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)⋮3\) (3)
+ n và n + 2 là 2 số chẵn liên tiếp
\(\Rightarrow n\left(n+2\right)⋮8\Rightarrow n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)⋮8\) (4)
+ Từ (3) và (4) \(\Rightarrow n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)⋮24\)
=> C là số nguyên
a, \(A=\frac{2^{12}\cdot3^5-4^6\cdot9^2}{(2^2\cdot3)^6+8^4\cdot3^5}-\frac{5^{10}\cdot7^3-25^5\cdot49^2}{(125\cdot7)^3+5^9\cdot14^3}\)
\(A=\frac{2^{12}\cdot3^5-2^{12}\cdot3^4}{2^{12}\cdot3^6+2^{12}\cdot3^5}-\frac{5^{10}\cdot7^3-5^{10}\cdot7^4}{5^9\cdot7^3+5^9\cdot2^3\cdot7^3}\)
\(A=\frac{2^{12}\cdot3^4(3-1)}{2^{12}\cdot3^5(3+1)}-\frac{5^{10}\cdot7^3(1-7)}{5^9\cdot7^3(1+2^3)}\)
\(A=\frac{2^{12}\cdot3^4\cdot2}{2^{12}\cdot3^5\cdot4}-\frac{5^{10}\cdot7^3\cdot(-6)}{5^9\cdot7^3\cdot9}=\frac{1}{6}-\frac{-10}{3}=\frac{7}{2}\)
b,\(3^{n+2}-2^{n+2}+3^n-2^n\)
\(=(3^{n+2}+3^n)-(2^{n+2}-2^n)\)
\(=(3^n\cdot3^2+3^n)-(2^n\cdot2^2-2^n)\)
\(=3^n\cdot(3^2+1)-2^n\cdot(2^2+1)\)
\(=3^n\cdot9+1-2^n\cdot4+1\)
\(=3^n\cdot10-2^n\cdot5\)
Vì \(2\cdot5⋮10\Rightarrow2^n\cdot5⋮10\)
\(3^n\cdot10⋮10\)
Vậy : ....
Đặt d=ƯCLN(12n+1;30n+2)
=>12n+1 chia hết cho d; 30n+2 chia hết cho d
=>5(12n+1) chia hết cho d; 2(30n+2) chia hết cho d
=>60n+5 chia hết cho d; 60n+4 chia hết cho d
=>(60n+5)-(60n+4) chia hết cho d
=>1 chia hết cho d
=>d=1
=>phân số \(\frac{12n+1}{30n+2}\) là phân số tối giản
Bài 1:
\(\frac{2^{12}.3^5-4^6.9^2}{\left(2^2.3\right)^6+8^4.3^2}-\frac{5^{10}.7^3-25^3.49^2}{\left(125.7\right)^3+5^9.14^3}=\frac{2^{12}.3^5-\left(2^2\right)^6.\left(3^2\right)^2}{2^{12}.3^6+\left(2^3\right)^4.3^2}-\frac{5^{10}.7^3-\left(5^2\right)^3.\left(7^2\right)^2}{\left(5^3.7\right)^3+5^9.2^3.7^3}\)
\(=\frac{2^{12}.3^5-2^{12}.3^4}{2^{12}.3^6+2^{12}.3^2}-\frac{5^{10}.7^3-5^6.7^4}{5^9.7^3+5^9.2^3.7^3}=\frac{2^{12}.3^4\left(3-1\right)}{2^{12}.3^2\left(3^4+1\right)}-\frac{5^6.7^3\left(5^4-7\right)}{5^9.7^3\left(1+2^3\right)}=\frac{3^2.2}{82}-\frac{618}{5^3.9}\)
\(=\frac{9}{41}-\frac{206}{375}=\)
vì bài dài quá nên mình làm từng bài 1 nhé
1. Ta thấy : \(\frac{1}{n^3}< \frac{1}{n^3-n}=\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{\left(n+1\right)-\left(n-1\right)}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{1}{2}.\left[\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}-\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right]\)
Do đó :
\(B< \frac{1}{2}.\left[\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{3.4}-\frac{1}{4.5}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}-\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right]< \frac{1}{2}.\frac{1}{6}=\frac{1}{12}\)
2.
Nhận xét : \(1+\frac{1}{n\left(n+2\right)}=\frac{\left(n+1\right)^2}{n\left(n+2\right)}\)
Do đó :
\(A=\frac{2^2}{1.3}.\frac{3^2}{2.4}.\frac{4^2}{3.5}...\frac{\left(n+1\right)^2}{n\left(n+2\right)}=\frac{2.3...\left(n+1\right)}{1.2...n}.\frac{2.3...\left(n+1\right)}{3.4...\left(n+2\right)}=\frac{n+1}{1}.\frac{2}{n+2}< 2\)
a, (n+3)2-(n-1)2
= n2+6n+9-n2+2n-1
= 8n + 8
= 8(n+1) chia hết cho 8