Chứng minh rằng:
1/2!+2/3!+3/4!+...+2019/2020!<1
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Ta có \(n^2+\left(n+1\right)^2>2n\left(n+1\right)\)
=>\(\frac{1}{n^2+\left(n+1\right)^2}< \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)\)
Áp dụng ta có \(\frac{1}{5}=\frac{1}{1^2+2^2}< \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{13}=\frac{1}{2^2+3^2}< \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}\right)\)
..................................................................
\(\frac{1}{2019^2+2020^2}< \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2019}-\frac{1}{2020}\right)\)
=> \(VT< \frac{1}{2}\left(1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-...+\frac{1}{2019}-\frac{1}{2020}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\left(1-\frac{1}{2020}\right)< \frac{1}{2}\)(ĐPCM)
Ta có bài toán tổng quát sau:Chứng minh rằng tổng \(A=\frac{n+1}{n^2+1}+\frac{n+1}{n^2+2}+....+\frac{n+1}{n^2+n}\)(n số hạng và n>1) không phải là số nguyên dương ta có:
\(1=\frac{n+1}{n^2+1}+\frac{n+1}{n^2+2}+...+\frac{n+1}{n^2+3}< \frac{n+1}{n^2+1}+\frac{n+1}{n^2+2}+....+\frac{n+1}{n^2+n}< \frac{n+1}{n^2}+\frac{n+1}{n^2}\)\(+....+\frac{n+1}{n^2}=2\)
Do đó A không phải là số nguyên dương với n=2019 thì ta có bài toán đã cho
Sai đề rồi.
Đề phải là: \(\frac{1}{1011}+\frac{1}{1012}+\frac{1}{1013}+...+\frac{1}{2020}=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2019}-\frac{1}{2020}\)
Giải như sau:
\(\frac{1}{1011}+\frac{1}{1012}+\frac{1}{1013}+...+\frac{1}{2020}\)
\(=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2020}\right)-\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{1010}\right)\)
\(=\left(1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{2019}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{6}+...+\frac{1}{2020}\right)\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2019}-\frac{1}{2020}\left(đpcm\right).\)
\(A=\frac{1}{5}+\frac{2}{5^2}+\frac{3}{5^5}+...+\frac{2020}{5^{2020}}\)
\(\Rightarrow5A=1+\frac{2}{5}+\frac{3}{5^2}+\frac{4}{5^3}+...+\frac{2020}{5^{2019}}\)
\(\Rightarrow5A-A=4A=1+\left(\frac{2}{5}-\frac{1}{5}\right)+\left(\frac{3}{5^2}-\frac{2}{5^2}\right)+...+\left(\frac{2020}{5^{2019}}-\frac{2019}{5^{2019}}\right)-\frac{2020}{5^{2020}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4A=1+\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{5^2}+\frac{1}{5^3}+...+\frac{1}{5^{2019}}-\frac{2020}{5^{2020}}\)
\(B=\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{5^2}+\frac{1}{5^3}+...+\frac{1}{5^{2019}}\)
\(\Rightarrow5B=1+\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{5^2}+\frac{1}{5^3}+...+\frac{1}{5^{2019}}\)
\(\Rightarrow4B=1-\frac{1}{5^{2019}}\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{4.5^{2019}}\)
\(\Rightarrow4A=1+B-\frac{2020}{5^{2020}}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{5}{16}-\frac{1}{5^{2019}}\left(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{2020}{5}\right)=\frac{5}{16}-\frac{1617}{4.5^{2019}}\)
\(16>\frac{1617}{4.5^{2019}}\Rightarrow A=\frac{1}{4}+\left(\frac{1}{16}-\frac{1617}{4.5^{2019}}\right)>\frac{1}{4}\)
\(\frac{5}{16}< \frac{1}{3}\Rightarrow A< \frac{1}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{4}< A< \frac{1}{3}\left(Đpcm\right)\)
nhận xét
1/2 < 1 ; 2/3 < 1 ; 3/4 < 1 ; ... ; 2019/2020 <1.
vậy 1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ...+2019/2020 <1