Chứng minh rằng :
Nếu \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\)
Thì \(\dfrac{1}{x^3}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}+\dfrac{1}{Z^3}=\dfrac{1}{x^3+y^3+z^3}\)
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\(\left(3^x;3^y;3^z\right)=\left(a;b;c\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a;b;c>0\\ab+bc+ca=abc\end{matrix}\right.\)
BĐT cần chứng minh trở thành:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{a+bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{b+ca}+\dfrac{c^2}{c+ab}\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{4}\)
Thật vậy, ta có:
\(VT=\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+abc}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+abc}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+abc}\)
\(VT=\dfrac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{b^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c^3}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)
Áp dụng AM-GM:
\(\dfrac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{a+b}{8}+\dfrac{a+c}{8}\ge\dfrac{3a}{4}\)
Làm tương tự với 2 số hạng còn lại, cộng vế với vế rồi rút gọn, ta sẽ có đpcm
\(VT^2\le3\left(\dfrac{1}{2x^2+y^2+3}+\dfrac{1}{2y^2+z^2+3}+\dfrac{1}{2z^2+x^2+3}\right)\)
Mặt khác:
\(\dfrac{1}{2\left(x^2+1\right)+y^2+1}\le\dfrac{1}{4x+2y}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{x+x+y}\right)\le\dfrac{1}{18}\left(\dfrac{2}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT^2\le\dfrac{1}{6}\left(\dfrac{3}{x}+\dfrac{3}{y}+\dfrac{3}{z}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{\sqrt{6}}{2}\)
\(\dfrac{x^3}{y+2z}+\dfrac{y^3}{z+2x}+\dfrac{z^3}{x+2y}=\dfrac{x^4}{xy+2xz}+\dfrac{y^4}{yz+2xy}+\dfrac{z^4}{xz+2yz}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\ge\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Có VT = \(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}}=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2-\dfrac{2}{xy}-\dfrac{2}{yz}-\dfrac{2}{zx}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2-\dfrac{2}{xyz}\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}=\left|\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right|=VP\) (Vì x + y + z = 0)
Trước hết, ta đi chứng minh một bổ đề sau: Nếu \(a+b+c=0\) thì \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\). Thật vậy, ta phân tích
\(P=a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc\)
\(P=\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc\)
\(P=\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(a+b\right)c+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(P=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\).
Hiển nhiên nếu \(a+b+c=0\) thì \(P=0\) hay \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\), bổ đề được chứng minh.
Do \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=0\) nên áp dụng bổ đề, ta được \(\dfrac{1}{x^3}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}=\dfrac{3}{xyz}\).
Vì vậy \(\dfrac{yz}{x^2}+\dfrac{zx}{y^2}+\dfrac{xy}{z^2}=\dfrac{xyz}{x^3}+\dfrac{xyz}{y^3}+\dfrac{xyz}{z^3}\) \(=xyz\left(\dfrac{1}{x^3}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}\right)\) \(=xyz.\dfrac{3}{xyz}=3\). Ta có đpcm
b/ \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a}{b}\right)^3=\dfrac{a}{d}\left(1\right)\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\)
=> \(\left(\dfrac{a}{b}\right)^3=\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{c+d+b}\right)^3\) (2)Từ (1) và (2)=>đpcm
2) Mình nghĩ nên nhỏ hơn 3 thì dễ tính hơn... @@
Ta có :
\(\dfrac{x}{x+y+z}< \dfrac{x}{x+y}< \dfrac{x}{x}\\ \dfrac{y}{x+y+z}< \dfrac{y}{y+z}< \dfrac{y}{y}\\ \dfrac{z}{x+y+z}< \dfrac{z}{z+x}< \dfrac{z}{z}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{x+y+z}+\dfrac{y}{x+y+z}+\dfrac{z}{x+y+z}< \dfrac{x}{x+y}+\dfrac{y}{y+z}+\dfrac{z}{z+x}< \dfrac{x}{x}+\dfrac{y}{y}+\dfrac{z}{z}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{x+y+z}{x+y+z}< \dfrac{x}{x+y}+\dfrac{y}{y+z}+\dfrac{z}{z+x}< 1+1+1\\ \Rightarrow1< \dfrac{x}{x+y}+\dfrac{y}{y+z}+\dfrac{z}{z+x}< 3\)
ĐK: \(x,y,z,x+y+z\ne0\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{z}-\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+y}{xy}+\dfrac{x+y}{z\left(x+y+z\right)}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{z\left(x+y+z\right)}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(\dfrac{xy+yz+zx+z^2}{xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(\dfrac{\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}{xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}{xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0\\y+z=0\\z+x=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-y\\y=-z\\z=-x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\circledast x=-y\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x^3}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}=\dfrac{1}{-y^3}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}=\dfrac{1}{z^3}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x^3+y^3+z^3}=\dfrac{1}{-y^3+y^3+z^3}=\dfrac{1}{z^3}\)
Vậy \(\dfrac{1}{x^3}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}=\dfrac{1}{x^3+y^3+z^3}\)
Lầm tương tự với hai trường hợp còn lại ta có đpcm