Cho a,b,c dương. C/m:
\(\frac{a}{b+a}< \frac{a+c}{a+b+c}\)
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\(\frac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}=\frac{a\left(a^2+b^2\right)-ab^2}{a^2+b^2}=a-\frac{ab^2}{a^2+b^2}\ge a-\frac{ab^2}{2ab}=a-\frac{b}{2}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{b^3}{c^2+b^2}=b-\frac{c}{2}\) ; \(\frac{c^3}{c^2+a^2}=c-\frac{a}{2}\)
Cộng theo vế: => \(\frac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+a^2}\ge\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a = b = c
Ta có:
\(\frac{a}{a+b}>\frac{a}{a+b+c}\)
\(\frac{b}{b+c}>\frac{b}{a+b+c}\)
\(\frac{c}{c+a}>\frac{c}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+a}>\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{a+b+c}+\frac{c}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow M>\frac{a+b+c}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow M>1\) (1)
Ta có:
\(\frac{a}{a+b}< 1\Rightarrow\frac{a}{a+b}< \frac{a+c}{a+b+c}\)
\(\frac{b}{b+c}< 1\Rightarrow\frac{b}{b+c}< \frac{a+b}{a+b+c}\)
\(\frac{c}{c+a}< 1\Rightarrow\frac{c}{c+a}< \frac{c+b}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+a}< \frac{a+c}{a+b+c}+\frac{a+b}{a+b+c}+\frac{c+b}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow M< \frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow M< 2\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) => 1 < M < 2
=> M không phải là một số nguyên dương (đpcm)
Bạn tham khảo:
Câu hỏi của Phạm Minh anh - Toán lớp 9 | Học trực tuyến
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(P=\frac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\frac{b^2}{ba+bc}+\frac{c^2}{ca+cb}\geq \frac{(a+b+c)^2}{ab+ac+bc+ba+ca+cb}=\frac{(a+b+c)^2}{2(ab+bc+ac)}\)
Theo hệ quả quen thuộc của BĐT AM-GM:
$(a+b+c)^2\geq 3(ab+bc+ac)$
Do đó:
$P\geq \frac{3(ab+bc+ac)}{2(ab+bc+ac)}=\frac{3}{2}$
Vậy $P_{\min}=\frac{3}{2}$ khi $a=b=c$
Bài này áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz: \(\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge\left(mx+ny+pz\right)^2\)
Xét:
\(\left[\left(\sqrt{a}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{b}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{c}\right)^2\right].\left[\left(\frac{\sqrt{a}}{b+c}\right)^2+\left(\frac{\sqrt{b}}{c+a}\right)^2+\left(\frac{\sqrt{c}}{a+b}\right)^2\right]\ge\)
\(\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)^2\)(1)
Xét: \(\left[\left(\sqrt{ab+ca}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{bc+ab}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{ca+bc}\right)^2\right].\left[\left(\frac{a}{\sqrt{ab+ca}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{b}{\sqrt{bc+ab}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{c}{\sqrt{ca+bc}}\right)^2\right]\ge\)
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)(2)
Xét \(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)(3)
Từ (1), (2), (3)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\frac{a}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(c+a\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\right]\ge\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^2=\frac{9}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(c+a\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\ge\frac{9}{4\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(\frac{a}{b+c}>\frac{a}{a+b+c},\frac{b}{b+c}>\frac{b}{b+c+a},\frac{c}{c+a}>\frac{c}{c+a+b}\)
\(\Rightarrow A>\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{a+b+c}+\frac{c}{a+b+c}=\frac{a+b+c}{a+b+c}=1\)
\(\frac{a}{a+b}< 1\Rightarrow\frac{a}{a+b}< \frac{a+c}{a+b+c},\frac{b}{b+c}< 1\Rightarrow\frac{b}{b+c}< \frac{b+a}{b+c+a},\frac{c}{a+a}< 1\Rightarrow\frac{c}{c+a}< \frac{c+b}{c+a+b}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \frac{a+c}{a+b+c}+\frac{b+a}{a+b+c}+\frac{c+b}{c+a+b}=\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\)
Vậy \(1< A< 2\Rightarrow A\)không phải là một số nguyên dương
Ta có : \(\frac{a}{b+a}=\frac{b+a-b}{b+a}=1-\frac{b}{b+a}\)
\(\frac{a+c}{a+b+c}=\frac{b+c+a-b}{a+b+c}=1-\frac{b}{a+b+c}\)
Vì \(\frac{b}{b+a}>\frac{b}{a+b+c}\Rightarrow1-\frac{b}{b+a}< 1-\frac{b}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{a}{b+a}< \frac{a+c}{a+b+c}\)
Vay \(\frac{a}{b+a}< \frac{a+c}{a+b+c}\)
Quy đồng 2 vế rồi khử mẫu ta có :
a^2+ab+ac<ab+a^2+bc+ac
=>a^2+ab+ac-a^2-ab-ac<bc
=>0<bc (luôn đúng do b,c>0)