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Gọi số hạng đầu và công bội của cấp số nhân là: \(u_1;q\).
a) Theo tính chất của cấp số nhân ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1q^4-u_1=15\\u_1q^3-u_1q=6\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{u_1\left(q^4-1\right)}{u_1\left(q^3-q\right)}=\dfrac{15}{6}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(q^2-1\right)\left(q^2+1\right)}{q\left(q^2-1\right)}=\dfrac{15}{6}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{q^2+1}{q}=\dfrac{15}{6}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6\left(q^2+1\right)=15q\)\(\Leftrightarrow6q^2-15q+6=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}q=2\\q=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\).
Với \(q=2\).
Suy ra: \(u_1\left(q^4-q\right)=15\Rightarrow u_1=\dfrac{15}{q^4-q}=\dfrac{15}{14}\).
Với \(q=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Suy ra \(u_1=\dfrac{15}{q^4-q}=\dfrac{-240}{7}\).
a)
{u6=192u7=384⇔{u1.q5=192(1)u1.q6=384(2){u6=192u7=384⇔{u1.q5=192(1)u1.q6=384(2)
Lấy (2) chia (1): q = 2 thế vào (1):
(1) ⇔ u1.25 = 192 ⇔ u1 = 6
Vậy u1 = 6 và q = 2
b) Ta có:
{u4−u2=72u5−u3=144⇔{u1.q3−u1.q=72u1.q4−u1.q2=144⇔{u1.q(q2−1)=72(1)u1.q2(q2−1)=144(2){u4−u2=72u5−u3=144⇔{u1.q3−u1.q=72u1.q4−u1.q2=144⇔{u1.q(q2−1)=72(1)u1.q2(q2−1)=144(2)
Lấy 2 chia 1: q = 2 thế vào (1)
(1) ⇔2u1(4 – 1) = 72 ⇔ u1 = 12
Vậy u1 = 12 và q = 2
c) Ta có:
{u2+u5−u4=10u3+u6−u5=20⇔{u1.q+u1.q4−u1.q3=10u1.q2(q2−1)=144(2)⇔{u1q(1+q3−q2)=10(1)u1q(1+q3−q2)=20(2){u2+u5−u4=10u3+u6−u5=20⇔{u1.q+u1.q4−u1.q3=10u1.q2(q2−1)=144(2)⇔{u1q(1+q3−q2)=10(1)u1q(1+q3−q2)=20(2)
Lấy (2) chia (1): q = 2 thế vào (1)
(1) ⇔ 2u1 (1 + 8 – 4) = 10 ⇔ u1 = 1
Vậy u1 = 1 và q = 2
a) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_5=96\\u_7=384\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(u^2_6=u_5.u_7=96.384=36864\)
\(\Leftrightarrow u_6=192\)
\(q=\dfrac{u_7}{u_6}=\dfrac{384}{192}=2\)
\(u_5=u_1.q^4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow u_1=\dfrac{u_5}{q^4}=\dfrac{96}{2^4}=6\)
b) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_4-u_2=25\\u_3-u_1=50\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1.q^3-u_1.q=25\\u_1.q^2-u_1=50\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1.q\left(q^2-1\right)=25\left(1\right)\\u_1.\left(q^2-1\right)=50\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(1\right):\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow q=\dfrac{25}{50}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow u_1=\dfrac{50}{q^2-1}=\dfrac{50}{\dfrac{1}{4}-1}=-\dfrac{200}{3}\)
a:
ĐKXĐ: \(q\notin\left\{0;1;-1\right\}\)
\(HPT\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u1\cdot q^4-u1=15\\u1\cdot q^3-u1\cdot q=6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{q^4-1}{q^3-q}=\dfrac{15}{6}=\dfrac{5}{2}\\u1\left(q^4-1\right)=15\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2q^4-2=5q^3-5q\\u1\left(q^4-1\right)=15\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2q^4-5q^3+5q-2=0\\u1\left(q^4-1\right)=15\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(q-2\right)\left(q-1\right)\left(q+1\right)\left(2q-1\right)=0\\u1\left(q^4-1\right)=15\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}q=2\\q=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\\u1\left(q^4-1\right)=15\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1: q=2
=>\(u1=\dfrac{15}{2^4-1}=\dfrac{15}{15}=1\)
TH2: q=1/2
=>\(u1=\dfrac{15}{\dfrac{1}{16}-1}=15:\dfrac{-15}{16}=-16\)
b:
\(HPT\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u1-u1\cdot q^2+u1\cdot q^4=65\\u1+u1\cdot q^6=325\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{q^4-q^2+1}{q^6+1}=\dfrac{1}{5}\\u1\left(1+q^6\right)=325\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{q^2+1}=\dfrac{1}{5}\\u1\left(q^6+1\right)=325\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}q^2=4\\u1\left(q^6+1\right)=325\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}q\in\left\{2;-2\right\}\\u1\left(q^6+1\right)=325\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow u1=\dfrac{325}{65}=5\)
c: \(HPT\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u1\cdot q^3+u1\cdot q^5=-540\\u1\cdot q+u1\cdot q^3=-60\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{q^5+q^3}{q^3+q}=9\\u1\left(q+q^3\right)=-60\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}q^2=9\\u1\left(q+q^3\right)=-60\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1: q=3
\(u1=-\dfrac{60}{3+3^3}=-\dfrac{60}{30}=-2\)
TH2: q=-3
=>\(u1=-\dfrac{60}{-3-27}=\dfrac{60}{30}=2\)
\(u_1>0;u_2>0\Rightarrow q>0\)
\(u_1u_5=25\Leftrightarrow u_1^2q^4=25\Rightarrow u_1q^2=5\) (1)
\(\Rightarrow u_3=5\) (do \(u_3=u_1q^2\))
\(\Rightarrow u_2+u_4=26\Leftrightarrow u_1q+u_1q^3=26\)
\(\Leftrightarrow u_1q\left(1+q^2\right)=26\) (2)
Chia vế cho vế của (2) cho (1):
\(\frac{1+q^2}{q}=\frac{26}{5}\Leftrightarrow5q^2-26q+5=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}q=5\\q=\frac{1}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
- Với \(q=5\Rightarrow u_1=\frac{1}{5}\)
- Với \(q=\frac{1}{5}\Rightarrow u_1=125\)