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xét hiệu \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}-\frac{4}{a+b}=\frac{a+b}{ab}-\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{ab\left(a+b\right)}-\frac{4ab}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{a^2+2ab+b^2-4ab}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\)
vì (a-b)2>=0
mà a,b>0 nên ab>0;a+b>0
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}-\frac{4}{ab}\ge0\)
hay \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{ab}\left(dpcm\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Shur ta có: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\)\(\frac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{a+b}\)=\(\frac{4}{a+b}\)
Dấu = khi a=b
BĐT svac
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{a+b}=\frac{4}{a+b}\forall a,b>0\)
Áp dụng BĐT \(\dfrac{1}{x+y}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\), ta có:
\(\dfrac{4}{2a+b+c}+\dfrac{4}{a+2b+c}+\dfrac{4}{a+b+2c}\)
\(\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{4}{a+b}+\dfrac{4}{a+c}+\dfrac{4}{a+b}+\dfrac{4}{c+b}+\dfrac{4}{a+c}+\dfrac{4}{b+c}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{a+c}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}\)
\(\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{2}{c}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\left(\text{đ}pcm\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b = c
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\Rightarrow ab+b^2+a^2+ab\ge4ab\left(a,b>0\right)\)
<=>a2+b2-2ab\(\ge\)0
<=>(a-b)2\(\ge\)0(luôn đúng)
=>điều cần chứng minh
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\frac{a+b}{ab}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
(a + b) (a + b) \(\ge\) 4ab
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)
Mà a,b > 0 nên a + b > 0
=> \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)
\(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}\)
\(=\frac{b+1}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}+\frac{a+1}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{b+1+a+1}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{3}{ab+a+b+1}\)
\(=\frac{3}{ab+2}\)
Từ BĐT trên ,ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{b}\) \(\geq\) \(\dfrac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\dfrac{a+b}{ab}\) \(\geq\) \(\dfrac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (a+b)(a+b) \(\geq\) 4ab
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (a+b)2 \(\geq\) 4ab
\(\Leftrightarrow\) a2 +2ab+b2\(\geq\) 4ab
\(\Leftrightarrow\) a2+2ab+b2-4ab \(\geq\) 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) a2-2ab+b2 \(\geq\) 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (a-b)2 \(\geq\) 0 (luôn đúng)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a=b
Từ đó ta chứng minh được BĐT : \(\dfrac{1}{a}\) +\(\dfrac{1}{b}\)\(\geq\) \(\dfrac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{a+b}{ab}=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\) (1)
\(\dfrac{4}{a+b}=\dfrac{4ab}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\) (2)
ta có:
\(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge\left(a-b\right)^2\) và \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge4ab\)
nên \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\) (3)
từ (1), (2) và (3) suy ra \(\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\ge\dfrac{4ab}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\) hay \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\)(đpcm)