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Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT $|a|+|b|\geq |a+b|$ ta có:
$|x-1|+|x-4|=|x-1|+|4-x|\geq |x-1+4-x|=3$
$|x-2|+|y-3|\geq 0$
$\Rightarrow |x-1|+|x-2|+|y-3|+|x-4|\geq 3$
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix}
(x-1)(4-x)\geq 0\\
x-2=0\\
y-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix}
x=2\\
y=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) \(\left|3x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right|+\left|\dfrac{1}{4}y+\dfrac{3}{5}\right|=0\)
Do \(\left|3x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right|,\left|\dfrac{1}{4}y+\dfrac{3}{5}\right|\ge0\forall x,y\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x-\dfrac{1}{2}=0\\\dfrac{1}{4}y+\dfrac{3}{5}=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{6}\\y=-\dfrac{12}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(\left|\dfrac{3}{2}x+\dfrac{1}{9}\right|+\left|\dfrac{5}{7}y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right|\le0\)
Do \(\left|\dfrac{3}{2}x+\dfrac{1}{9}\right|,\left|\dfrac{5}{7}y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right|\ge0\forall x,y\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{3}{2}x+\dfrac{1}{9}=0\\\dfrac{5}{7}y-\dfrac{1}{2}=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{2}{27}\\y=\dfrac{7}{10}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: \(\left|x+3\right|+\left|x-1\right|=\left|x+3\right|+\left|1-x\right|\ge\left|x+3+1-x\right|=4\)
\(\left|y-2\right|+\left|y+2\right|=\left|2-y\right|+\left|y+2\right|\ge\left|2-y+y+2\right|=4\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{16}{\left|y-2\right|+\left|y+2\right|}\le\dfrac{16}{4}=4\Rightarrow\left|x+3\right|+\left|x-1\right|\ge\dfrac{6}{\left|y-2\right|+\left|y+2\right|}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra <=> (x+3)(1-x)\(\ge0\) và (2-y)(y+2)\(\ge0\)
Vì x,y \(\in Z\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\in\left\{-3;-2;-2;0;1\right\}\\y\in\left\{-2;-1;0;1;2\right\}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 1:
\(\left|x+\frac{1}{2}\right|+\left|x+\frac{1}{6}\right|+...+\left|x+\frac{1}{101}\right|=101x\)
Ta thấy:
\(VT\ge0\Rightarrow VP\ge0\Rightarrow101x\ge0\Rightarrow x\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)+\left(x+\frac{1}{6}\right)+...+\left(x+\frac{1}{101}\right)=101x\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+x+...+x\right)+\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{6}+...+\frac{1}{101}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow10x+\left(\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+...+\frac{1}{10.11}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow10x+\left(1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{10}-\frac{1}{11}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow10x+\left(1-\frac{1}{11}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow10x+\frac{10}{11}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow10x=-\frac{10}{11}\Rightarrow x=-\frac{1}{11}\)(loại,vì x\(\ge\)0)
Bài 2:
Ta thấy: \(\begin{cases}\left(2x+1\right)^{2008}\ge0\\\left(y-\frac{2}{5}\right)^{2008}\ge0\\\left|x+y+z\right|\ge0\end{cases}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2x+1\right)^{2008}+\left(y-\frac{2}{5}\right)^{2008}+\left|x+y+z\right|\ge0\)
Mà \(\left(2x+1\right)^{2008}+\left(y-\frac{2}{5}\right)^{2008}+\left|x+y+z\right|=0\)
\(\left(2x+1\right)^{2008}+\left(y-\frac{2}{5}\right)^{2008}+\left|x+y+z\right|=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\begin{cases}\left(2x+1\right)^{2008}=0\\\left(y-\frac{2}{5}\right)^{2008}=0\\\left|x+y+z\right|=0\end{cases}\)\(\Rightarrow\begin{cases}2x+1=0\\y-\frac{2}{5}=0\\x+y+z=0\end{cases}\)
\(\Rightarrow\begin{cases}x=-\frac{1}{2}\\y=\frac{2}{5}\\x+y+z=0\end{cases}\)\(\Rightarrow\begin{cases}x=-\frac{1}{2}\\y=\frac{2}{5}\\-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{2}{5}+z=0\end{cases}\)
\(\Rightarrow\begin{cases}x=-\frac{1}{2}\\y=\frac{2}{5}\\-\frac{1}{10}=-z\end{cases}\)\(\Rightarrow\begin{cases}x=-\frac{1}{2}\\y=\frac{2}{5}\\z=\frac{1}{10}\end{cases}\)
a). Nhận xét rằng từng số hạng của tổng vế phải (VP) đều >=0 nên VP >= 0. Để dấu "=" xảy ra thì từng số hạng trong tổng VP đều bằng 0. Do đó ta có: x= 1/2; y=-3/2; z=-3/2.
b) Tương tự, VP>=0 để VP<=0 = VT chỉ xảy ra khi đạt dấu "=". Cho từng số hạng của VP =0, ta được: x=1; y=2/3; z=-1.
(\(x-3\))2 + (2y - 1)2 = 0
(\(x\) - 3)2 ≥ 0 ∀ \(x\)
(2y - 1)2 ≥ 0 ∀ y
⇔ (\(x\) - 3)2 + (2y - 1)2= 0
⇔ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-3=0\\3y-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
(4\(x-3\))4 + (y + 2)2 ≤ 0
(4\(x\) - 3)4 ≥ 0 ∀ \(x\)
(y + 2)2 ≥ 0 ∀ y
⇔(4\(x\) - 3)4 + (y+2)2 ≥ 0
⇔ (4\(x\) - 3)4 + (y + 2)2 ≤ 0 ⇔
⇔\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4x-3=0\\y+2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{3}{4}\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có \(\left|y-1\right|+\left|y-2\right|+\left|y-3\right|+1=\left|y-1\right|+\left|y-2\right|+\left|3-y\right|+1\ge2+\left|y-2\right|+1=3+\left|y-2\right|\ge3\)
\(\dfrac{6}{\left(x-1\right)^2+2}\le\dfrac{6}{0+2}=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\le3\le VP\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\\left(y-1\right)\left(3-y\right)\ge0\\y-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy PT có nghiệm \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;2\right)\)
Tìm x,y biết
\(\dfrac{6}{\left(x-1\right)^2+2}=\left|y-1\right|+\left|y-2\right|+\left|y-3\right|+1\)
Ta có : \(\frac{x+1}{x-4}>0\)
Thì sảy ra 2 trường hợp
Th1 : x + 1 > 0 và x - 4 > 0 => x > -1 ; x > 4
Vậy x > 4
Th2 : x + 1 < 0 và x - 4 < 0 => x < -1 ; x < 4
Vậy x < (-1) .
Ta có : \(\left(x+2\right)\left(x-3\right)< 0\)
Th1 : \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+2< 0\\x-3>0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x< -2\\x>3\end{cases}}\left(\text{Vô lý }\right)}\)
Th2 : \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+2>0\\x-3< 0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x>-2\\x< 3\end{cases}\Rightarrow}-2< x< 3}\)