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\(\dfrac{1}{x}=\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{y}{3}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x}=\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{2y}{6}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x}=\dfrac{1+2y}{6}\)
\(6=x\left(1+2y\right)\)
Tự làm típ
\(x\left(x+y\right)=\dfrac{1}{48};y\left(x+y\right)=\dfrac{1}{24}\)
\(x^2+xy=\dfrac{1}{48};xy+y^2=\dfrac{1}{24}\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+xy-y^2-xy=\dfrac{1}{48}-\dfrac{1}{24}\)
\(x^2-y^2=\dfrac{-1}{24}\)
\(\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)=\dfrac{-1}{24}\)(HĐT số 3)
Làm tips
\(x+y-xy+1=0\)
\(x+y-xy-1=-2\)
\(\Rightarrow x\left(1-y\right)-1\left(1-y\right)=-2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(1-y\right)=-2\)
\(\Rightarrow x-1;1-y\in U\left(-2\right)\)
\(U\left(-2\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm2\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=1\Rightarrow x=2\\1-y=-2\Rightarrow y=3\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=-1\Rightarrow x=0\\1-y=2\Rightarrow y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=2\Rightarrow x=3\\1-y=-1\Rightarrow y=2\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=-2\Rightarrow x=-1\\1-y=1\Rightarrow y=0\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)\
\(\dfrac{2}{x}-\dfrac{1}{9}=\dfrac{y}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2}{x}-\dfrac{1}{9}=\dfrac{3y}{9}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2}{x}=\dfrac{3y}{9}+\dfrac{1}{9}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2}{x}=\dfrac{3y+1}{9}\)
\(\Rightarrow x\left(3y+1\right)=18\)
\(\Rightarrow x;3y+1\in U\left(18\right)\)
Xét ước như bài trên
\(3x+3y-xy=0\)
\(\Rightarrow3x+3y-xy-9=-9\)
\(\Rightarrow x\left(3-y\right)-3\left(3-y\right)=-9\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(3-y\right)=-9\)
\(\Rightarrow x-3;3-y\in U\left(9\right)\)
Xét ước ~~~
\(\dfrac{x}{4}-\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
hay \(\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{x}{4}-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{x-2}{4}\)
hay y.(x-2) = 4
Ta có:
4 = 1.4 = 2.2 = (-1).(-4) = (-2).(-2)
Ta có bảng sau :
| y | 1 | 4 | 2 | -1 | -4 | -2 |
| x-2 | 4 | 1 | 2 | -4 | -1 | -2 |
| x | 6 | 3 | 4 | -2 | 1 | 0 |
Vậy x = 6 , y=1 x = 3, y=4
x = 4 , y = 2 x = -2 , y= -1
x = 1 , y = -4 x = 0 , y = -2
Vì x,y là số dương \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y+0,5-y< y+0,5\\x+0,5-x< x+0,5\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x^2y}{y+0,5-y}>\dfrac{x^2y}{y+0,5}\\\dfrac{xy^2}{x+0,5-x}>\dfrac{xy^2}{x+0,5}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2y}{y+0,5}+\dfrac{xy^2}{x+0,5}< \dfrac{x^2y}{y+0,5-y}+\dfrac{xy^2}{x+0,5-x}=\dfrac{x^2y}{0,5}+\dfrac{xy^2}{0,5}=2x^2y+2xy^2=2xy\left(x+y\right)=2xy\cdot1=2xy\left(1\right)\)Đặt x=0,5+m; y=0,5+m thì x+y=0,5+m+0,5-m=1(thỏa mãn đề bài)
\(\Rightarrow xy=\left(0,5+m\right)\cdot\left(0,5-m\right)=0,5\cdot0,5+0,5m-0,5m-m\cdot m=0,25-m^2\)Vì:\(m^2\ge0\Rightarrow0,25-m^2\le0,25\Rightarrow xy\le0,25\Rightarrow2xy\le0,25\cdot2=0,5\left(2\right)\)Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2y}{y+0,5}+\dfrac{xy^2}{x+0,5}< 0,5=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Bài 1.
Giải
a) Ta có: \(A=\dfrac{3n+9}{n-4}=\dfrac{3n-12+21}{n-4}=\dfrac{3\left(n-4\right)+21}{n-4}=3+\dfrac{21}{n-4}\)
Để \(A\in Z\) thì \(\dfrac{21}{n-4}\in Z\)
\(\Rightarrow21⋮\left(n-4\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(n-4\right)\inƯ\left(21\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(n-4\right)\in\left\{\pm1;\pm3;\pm7;\pm21\right\}\)
Ta có bẳng sau:
| \(n-4\) | \(-21\) | \(-7\) | \(-3\) | \(-1\) | \(1\) | \(3\) | \(7\) | \(21\) |
| \(n\) | \(-17\) | \(-3\) | \(1\) | \(3\) | \(5\) | \(7\) | \(11\) | \(25\) |
Vậy \(n\in\left\{-17;-3;1;3;5;7;11;25\right\}\) thì \(A\in Z.\)
b) Ta có: \(B=\dfrac{6n+5}{2n-1}=\dfrac{6n-3+8}{2n-1}=\dfrac{3\left(2n-1\right)+8}{2n-1}=3+\dfrac{8}{2n-1}\)
Để \(B\in Z\) thì \(\dfrac{8}{2n-1}\in Z\)
\(\Rightarrow8⋮\left(2n-1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2n-1\right)\inƯ\left(8\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2n-1\right)\in\left\{\pm1;\pm2;\pm4;\pm8\right\}\)
Ta có bảng sau:
| \(2n-1\) | \(-8\) | \(-4\) | \(-2\) | \(-1\) | \(1\) | \(2\) | \(4\) | \(8\) |
| \(2n\) | \(-7\) | \(-3\) | \(-1\) | \(0\) | \(2\) | \(3\) | \(5\) | \(9\) |
| \(n\) | \(\dfrac{-7}{2}\) | \(\dfrac{-3}{2}\) | \(\dfrac{-1}{2}\) | \(0\) | \(1\) | \(\dfrac{3}{2}\) | \(\dfrac{5}{2}\) | \(\dfrac{9}{2}\) |
Vậy \(n\in\left\{\dfrac{-7}{2};\dfrac{-3}{2};\dfrac{-1}{2};0;1;\dfrac{3}{2};\dfrac{5}{2};\dfrac{9}{2}\right\}\)
Bạn Nguyen Thi Huyen giải bài 1 rồi nên mình giải tiếp các bài kia nhé!
Bài 2:
\(\dfrac{x-18}{2000}+\dfrac{x-17}{2001}=\dfrac{x-16}{2002}+\dfrac{x-15}{2003}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x-18}{2000}-1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x-17}{2001}-1\right)=\left(\dfrac{x-16}{2002}-1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x-15}{2003}-1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-2018}{2000}+\dfrac{x-2018}{2001}=\dfrac{x-2018}{2002}+\dfrac{x-2018}{2003}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-2018}{2000}+\dfrac{x-2018}{2001}-\dfrac{x-2018}{2002}-\dfrac{x-2018}{2003}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2018\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2000}+\dfrac{1}{2001}-\dfrac{1}{2002}-\dfrac{1}{2003}\right)=0\)
Dễ thấy \(\dfrac{1}{2000}>\dfrac{1}{2001}>\dfrac{1}{2002}>\dfrac{1}{2003}\) nên:
\(\dfrac{1}{2000}+\dfrac{1}{2001}+\dfrac{1}{2002}+\dfrac{1}{2003}\ne0\). Do đó:
\(x-2018=0\Leftrightarrow x=2018\)
Bài 3:
a) \(\dfrac{5}{x}+\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{1}{8}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{20}{4x}+\dfrac{xy}{4x}=\dfrac{20+xy}{4x+4x}=\dfrac{20+xy}{8x}=\dfrac{1}{8}\)
Hoán vị ngoại tỉ ta có: \(\dfrac{20+xy}{8x}=\dfrac{1}{8}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{8}{8x}=\dfrac{1}{x}=\dfrac{1}{8}\Leftrightarrow x=8\)
Thế x = 8 vào : \(\dfrac{5}{x}+\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{1}{8}\) .Ta có: \(\dfrac{5}{8}+\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{1}{8}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{1}{8}-\dfrac{5}{8}=\dfrac{-2}{4}\). Ta có: \(\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{-2}{4}\Leftrightarrow y=-2\)
Vậy: \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=8\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{2}{y}=\dfrac{3}{1}\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{x}-2=\dfrac{3}{1}\) (hoán vị ngoại tỉ)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{y}{x}=\dfrac{5}{1}\). Suy ra nghiệm x,y có dạng \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1k\\y=5k\end{matrix}\right.\left(k\in Z\right)\). Bằng các phép thử lại ta dễ dàng suy ra x,y vô nghiệm.
b: 2x^3-1=15
=>2x^3=16
=>x=2
\(\dfrac{x+16}{9}=\dfrac{y-25}{16}=\dfrac{z+9}{25}\)
=>\(\dfrac{y-25}{16}=\dfrac{z+9}{25}=\dfrac{18}{9}=2\)
=>y-25=32; z+9=50
=>y=57; z=41
d: 3/5x=2/3y
=>9x=10y
=>x/10=y/9=k
=>x=10k; y=9k
x^2-y^2=38
=>100k^2-81k^2=38
=>19k^2=38
=>k^2=2
TH1: k=căn 2
=>\(x=10\sqrt{2};y=9\sqrt{2}\)
TH2: k=-căn 2
=>\(x=-10\sqrt{2};y=-9\sqrt{2}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)=>\(\dfrac{x+y}{xy}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
=>3(x+y)=xy
=>3x+3y=xy
=>3x=xy-3y
=>3x=y(x-3)
=>y=\(\dfrac{3x}{x-3}\)
* Vì y nguyên nên 3x ⋮ x-3
=>3(x-3)+9 ⋮x-3
=>9 ⋮ x-3
=>x-3∈Ư(9)
=>x-3∈{1;-1;3;-3;9;-9}
=>x∈{4;2;6;0;12;-6} mà x nguyên dương và x khác 0 nên x∈{4;2;6;12}
=>y∈{12;-6;6;4} mà y nguyên dương nên y∈{12;6;4}
=>x∈{4;6;12}
- Vậy x=4 thì y=12 ; x=6 thì y=6 ; x=12 thì y=4.