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b, Ta có : \(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{4};\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{6}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{15}=\dfrac{y}{20}=\dfrac{z}{24}\)
Đặt \(x=15k;y=20k;z=24k\)
Thay vào A ta được : \(A=\dfrac{30k+60k+96k}{45k+80k+120k}=\dfrac{186k}{245k}=\dfrac{186}{245}\)
b:
ĐKXĐ: x<>0
\(\dfrac{2}{x}+\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{1}{6}\)
=>\(\dfrac{6+xy}{3x}=\dfrac{1}{6}\)
=>\(6\left(6+xy\right)=3x\)
=>\(x=2\left(6+xy\right)=12+2xy\)
=>\(x\left(1-2y\right)=12\)
mà x,y là các số nguyên
nên \(\left(x;1-2y\right)\in\left\{\left(12;1\right);\left(-12;-1\right);\left(4;3\right);\left(-4;-3\right)\right\}\)
=>\(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(12;0\right);\left(-12;1\right);\left(4;-1\right);\left(-4;2\right)\right\}\)
c: ĐKXĐ: y<>-1
\(\dfrac{x}{3}+\dfrac{1}{y+1}=\dfrac{1}{6}\)
=>\(\dfrac{xy+x+3}{3\left(y+1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{6}\)
=>\(\dfrac{2\left(xy+x+3\right)}{6\left(y+1\right)}=\dfrac{y+1}{6\left(y+1\right)}\)
=>\(2xy+2x+6=y+1\)
=>\(2x\left(y+1\right)-\left(y+1\right)=-6\)
=>\(\left(2x-1\right)\left(y+1\right)=-6\)
mà x,y là các số nguyên
nên \(\left(2x-1;y+1\right)\in\left\{\left(1;-6\right);\left(-1;6\right);\left(3;-2\right);\left(-3;2\right)\right\}\)
=>\(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(1;-7\right);\left(0;5\right);\left(2;-3\right);\left(-1;1\right)\right\}\)
Bài 1:
b) ĐKXĐ: \(x\ne3\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{3-x}{20}=\dfrac{-5}{x-3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-3}{-20}=\dfrac{-5}{x-3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2=100\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-3=10\\x-3=-10\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=13\left(nhận\right)\\x=-7\left(nhận\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: \(x\in\left\{13;-7\right\}\)
Tìm các số nguyên dương x, y, z biết: \(x^2+y^2+z^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}=6\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho 2 số dương ta có:
\(x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}\ge2\sqrt{x^2.\dfrac{1}{x^2}}=2\)
Tương tự: \(y^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\ge2\)
\(z^2+\dfrac{1}{z^2}\ge2\)
Cộng vế theo vế 3 BĐT cùng chiều trên ta được:
\(x^2+y^2+z^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}\ge6\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2=\dfrac{1}{x^2}\\y^2=\dfrac{1}{y^2}\\z^2=\dfrac{1}{z^2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=1\\z=1\end{matrix}\right.\) ( Vì x,y,z nguyên dương )
Vậy các số x,y,z thỏa mãn đề bài là (x;y;z)= ( 1;1;1)
Cách khác: Không sử dụng BĐT Cauchy
Pt \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}\right)+\left(y^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\right)+\left(z^2+\dfrac{1}{z^2}\right)=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^2+2+\left(y-\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2+2+\left(z-\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2+2=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^2+\left(y-\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2+\left(z-\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-\dfrac{1}{x}=0\\y-\dfrac{1}{y}=0\\z-\dfrac{1}{z}=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{x}\\y=\dfrac{1}{y}\\z=\dfrac{1}{z}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=1\\z=1\end{matrix}\right.\)( Vì x,y,z nguyên dương )
Bài 3 :
\(\dfrac{1}{2!}+\dfrac{1}{3!}+\dfrac{1}{4!}+...+\dfrac{1}{2023!}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{2!}=\dfrac{1}{2.1}=1-\dfrac{1}{2}< 1\)
\(\dfrac{1}{3!}=\dfrac{1}{3.2.1}=1-\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}< 1\)
\(\dfrac{1}{4!}=\dfrac{1}{4.3.2.1}< \dfrac{1}{3!}< \dfrac{1}{2!}< 1\)
.....
\(\)\(\dfrac{1}{2023!}=\dfrac{1}{2023.2022....2.1}< \dfrac{1}{2022!}< ...< \dfrac{1}{2!}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2!}+\dfrac{1}{3!}+\dfrac{1}{4!}+...+\dfrac{1}{2023!}< 1\)
Áp dụng t/c dtsbn:
\(\dfrac{x-1}{2}=\dfrac{y+3}{4}=\dfrac{z-5}{6}=\dfrac{3x-3}{6}=\dfrac{4y+12}{16}=\dfrac{5z-25}{30}=\dfrac{-3x+3-4y-12+5z-25}{-6-16+30}=\dfrac{50+3-12-25}{8}=\dfrac{16}{8}=2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=4\\y+3=8\\z-5=12\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\y=5\\z=17\end{matrix}\right.\)
