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Tất cả 3 bài này đều chung một dạng, bậc tử lớn hơn bậc mẫu nên đều không tồn tại GTLN mà chỉ tồn tại GTNN. Cách tìm thường là chia tử cho mẫu rồi khéo léo thêm bớt để sử dụng BĐT Cô-si
a) \(P=\dfrac{x+4}{4\sqrt{x}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{4}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{4}\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}}=2.\dfrac{1}{2}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{min}=1\) khi \(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{4}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\Leftrightarrow x=4\)
b) \(P=\dfrac{x+3}{2\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-1}{2}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x}+1}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{2}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x}+1}-1\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{2}\dfrac{2}{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}}-1=2-1=1\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{min}=1\) khi \(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{2}=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x}+1}\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
c)ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge0\Rightarrow\) \(P=\dfrac{x-4}{\sqrt{x}+1}=\sqrt{x}-1-\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)
\(P_{min}\) khi \(\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{x}+1}\) đạt max \(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}+1\) đạt min, mà \(\sqrt{x}+1\ge1\) \(\forall x\ge0\) , dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=0\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{min}=-4\) khi \(x=0\)
Bài 1:
a: \(P=\dfrac{x+\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{1}=\dfrac{x+\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}}\)
b: \(x=2+2\sqrt{5}+2-2\sqrt{5}=4\)
Khi x=4 thì \(P=\dfrac{4+2+1}{2}=\dfrac{7}{2}\)
1: Sửa đề: \(B=\left(\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+3}+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-3}-\dfrac{3x+3}{x-9}\right):\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-3}\)
\(=\dfrac{2x-6\sqrt{x}+x+3\sqrt{x}-3x-3}{x-9}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-3}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{-3\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\sqrt{x}+3}\cdot\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}+1}=\dfrac{-3}{\sqrt{x}+3}\)
2: Để B<=-1/2 thì B+1/2<=0
=>-3/căn x+3+1/2<=0
=>-6+căn x+3<=0
=>căn x<=3
=>0<x<9
3: Để B là số nguyên thì \(\sqrt{x}+3=3\)
=>x=0
1.ĐK:\(x\ge0,x\ne9\)
\(P=\left(\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)+\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)-3x-3}{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}\right):\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}-2-\sqrt{x}-3}{\sqrt{x}-3}\)
\(=\left[\dfrac{-3\sqrt{x}-3}{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}\right].\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-3}{\sqrt{x}-5}\)
\(=\dfrac{-3\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-5\right)}.\)
Để \(P< \dfrac{-1}{2}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{-3\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-5\right)}< \dfrac{-1}{2}\)
\(N=\frac{B}{\sqrt{x}}=\frac{x-3\sqrt{x}+2}{\sqrt{x}}\cdot\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}=\frac{x-3\sqrt{x}+2}{x}\)
\(N=1-\frac{3\sqrt{x}}{x}+\frac{2}{x}\)
\(N=2\left(\frac{1}{x}-\frac{3}{2\sqrt{x}}+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(N=2\left[\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\right)^2-2\cdot\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\cdot\frac{3}{4}+\frac{9}{16}-\frac{1}{16}\right]\)
\(N=2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}-\frac{3}{4}\right)^2-\frac{1}{8}\) \(\ge-\frac{1}{8}\forall x\)
\(N=-\frac{1}{8}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}=\frac{3}{4}\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{16}{9}\)
Vậy Min N \(=-\frac{1}{8}\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{16}{9}\)
a: \(=\dfrac{15\sqrt{x}-11-3x-9\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{x}+6-2x+2\sqrt{x}-3\sqrt{x}+3}{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{-5x+7\sqrt{x}-2}{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}=\dfrac{-5\sqrt{x}+2}{\sqrt{x}+3}\)
c: Để A=1/2 thì \(\dfrac{-5\sqrt{x}+2}{\sqrt{x}+3}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
=>\(-10\sqrt{x}+4=\sqrt{x}+3\)
=>x=1/121
d: \(A-\dfrac{2}{3}=\dfrac{-5\sqrt{x}+2}{\sqrt{x}+3}-\dfrac{2}{3}\)
\(=\dfrac{-15\sqrt{x}+6-2\sqrt{x}-6}{3\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)}< =0\)
=>A<=2/3
\(A=\dfrac{x\sqrt{x}-3}{x-2\sqrt{x}-3}-\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}{\sqrt{x}+1}+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+3}{3-\sqrt{x}}\)
\(=\dfrac{x\sqrt{x}-3}{\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}-\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}{\sqrt{x}+1}-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+3}{\sqrt{x}-3}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x\sqrt{x}-3\right)-2\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)^2-\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x\sqrt{x}-3\right)-\left(2x-12\sqrt{x}+18\right)-\left(x+4\sqrt{x}+3\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x\sqrt{x}-3x+8\sqrt{x}-24}{\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)\left(x+8\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}=\dfrac{x+8}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)
~ ~ ~
\(\dfrac{x+8}{\sqrt{x}+1}=\dfrac{\left(4\sqrt{x}+4\right)+\left(x-4\sqrt{x}+4\right)}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)
\(=4+\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)^2}{\sqrt{x}+1}\ge4\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x = 4
\(P=\dfrac{-3}{\sqrt{x}+3}=\dfrac{-\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)+\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+3}=-1+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+3}\ge-1\\ Dấu"="xảyrakhi:\\ \sqrt{x}=0\Rightarrow x=0\)