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a, PT: \(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2P_2O_5\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{P_2O_5}=\dfrac{7,1}{142}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_P=2n_{P_2O_5}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_P=0,1.31=3,1\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{5}{2}n_{P_2O_5}=0,125\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=0,125.22,4=2,8\left(l\right)\)
c, Có: \(V_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=2,8.15\%=0,42\left(l\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=2,8+0,42=3,22\left(l\right)\)
a, \(n_{Ca}=\dfrac{12}{40}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Ca+2H_2O\rightarrow Ca\left(OH\right)_2+H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Ca}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
b, \(n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{Ca}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0,2.74=22,2\left(g\right)\)
c, \(n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{8,4}{232}=\dfrac{21}{580}\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Fe_3O_4+4H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}3Fe+4H_2O\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{\dfrac{21}{580}}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{4}\), ta được H2 dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{Fe}=3n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{63}{580}\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{cr}=m_{Fe}=\dfrac{63}{580}.56=\dfrac{882}{145}\left(g\right)\)
a)\(n_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{31,6}{158}=0,2\left(m\right)\)
\(PTHH:2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
tỉ lệ :2 1 1 1
số mol :0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1
\(V_{O_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
b)\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(m\right)\)
\(PTHH:3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{ }Fe_3O_4\)
theo phương trình ta có tỉ lệ\(\dfrac{0,2}{3}>\dfrac{0,1}{2}\)=>Fe dư
\(PTHH:3Fe+2O_2\xrightarrow[]{}Fe_3O_4\)
tỉ lệ :3 2 1
số mol :0,15 0,1 0,05
\(m_{Fe_3O_4}=0,05.232=11,6\left(g\right)\)
2KClO3 ---> 2KCl + 3O2
a/122,5 a/122,5(74,5)
2KMnO4---------------->K2MnO4 +KMnO2 +o2
b/158 b/316(197) b/316(87)
ta có :
a/122,5 *(74,5)=b/316(197)+ b/316(87)
giải hệ pt
b)tương tự đ/s 4,43
\(n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{a}{122,5}mol\)
\(n_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{b}{158}mol\)
\(2KClO_3\underrightarrow{t^o}2KCl+3O_2\)
\(\dfrac{a}{122,5}\) \(\dfrac{3a}{245}\)
\(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
\(\dfrac{b}{158}\) \(\dfrac{b}{316}\)
Sau phản ứng các chất còn lại bằng nhau.
\(\Rightarrow m_{KCl}=m_{K_2MnO_4}+m_{MnO_2}\)
Theo hai pt: \(\dfrac{a}{122,5}\cdot74,5=\dfrac{b}{158}\cdot\left(197+87\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=1,48\)
\(\dfrac{V_{O_2\left(KMnO_4\right)}}{V_{O_2\left(KClO_3\right)}}=\dfrac{\dfrac{b}{316}}{\dfrac{3a}{245}}=\dfrac{245b}{948a}=\dfrac{1}{1,48}\cdot\dfrac{245}{948}=0,17\)
\(n_P=\dfrac{6,2}{31}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2P_2O_5\\ LTL:\dfrac{0,2}{4}< \dfrac{0,4}{5}\Rightarrow O_2dư\)
\(n_{O_2\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{5}{4}n_P=\dfrac{5}{4}.0,2=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,25=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{P_2O_5\left(lt\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_P=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ m_{P_2O_5\left(lt\right)}=0,1.142=14,2\left(g\right)\\ m_{P_2O_5\left(tt\right)}=0,1.142.80\%=11,36\left(g\right)\)
\(a,PTHH:4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\\ n_{Al}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{10,8}{27}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ Theo.PTHH:n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Al}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,4=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Al_2O_3}=n.M=0,2.102=20,4\left(g\right)\)
\(b,n_{O_2}=\dfrac{V_{\left(đktc\right)}}{22,4}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ Lập.tỉ.lệ:\dfrac{n_{Al}}{4}>\dfrac{n_{O_2}}{3}\Rightarrow Al.dư\\ Theo.PTHH:n_{Al\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{4}{3}.n_{O_2}=\dfrac{4}{3}.0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Al\left(dư\right)}=n_{Al\left(bđ\right)}-n_{Al\left(pư\right)}=0,4-0,2=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ Theo.PTHH:n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Al}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Al_2O_3}=n.M=0,1=102=10,2\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{15.8}{158}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^0}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{0.1}{2}=0.05\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{O_2}=0.05\cdot22.4=1.12\left(l\right)\)
\(b.\)
\(n_P=\dfrac{6.2}{31}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^0}2P_2O_5\)
\(4.........5\)
\(0.2........0.05\)
\(LTL:\dfrac{0.2}{4}>\dfrac{0.05}{5}\Rightarrow Pdư\)
\(m_{P\left(dư\right)}=\left(0.2-0.04\right)\cdot31=4.96\left(g\right)\)
PTHH:2KMnO4--- K2MnO4+MnO2 +O2
ADCT nKmno4=15,8/158=0,1 mol
a, theo pt có nO2/nKmno4= 1/2
nO2=0,05 mol
ADCT V=n*22,4
VO2=0,05*22,4 =1,12 l
b, PTHH: 5O2+4P---2P2O5
ADCTnP=6,2/31=0,2 mol
Theo pt
nO2/5=0,01 bé hơn nP/4=0,05
P dư
theo pt nP(pư)/nO2=4/5
nP(p/ư)=0,04 mol
nP(dư)=0,05-0,04 =0,01 mol
ADCT:m=n*M
mP(dư)=0,01*31=0,31g