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a) \(25a^2-1=\left(5a-1\right)\left(5a+1\right)\)
b) \(a^2-9=\left(a-3\right)\left(a+3\right)\)
c) \(\dfrac{1}{4}a^2-\dfrac{9}{25}=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}a-\dfrac{3}{5}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2}a+\dfrac{3}{5}\right)\)
d) \(\dfrac{9}{4}a^4-\dfrac{16}{25}=\left(\dfrac{3}{2}a^2-\dfrac{4}{5}\right)\left(\dfrac{3}{2}a^2+\dfrac{4}{5}\right)\)
e) \(\left(2a+b\right)^2-a^2=\left(2a+b-a\right)\left(2a+b+a\right)=\left(a+b\right)\left(3a+b\right)\)
f) \(16\left(x-1\right)^2-25\left(x+y\right)^2=\left(4x-4-5x-5y\right)\left(4x-4+5x+5y\right)=\left(-x-4-5y\right)\left(9x+5y-4\right)\)
a/ $25x^2-1\\=(5x)^2-1^2\\=(5x-1)(5x+1)$
b/ $a^2-9\\=a^2-3^2\\=(a-3)(a+3)$
c/ $\dfrac{1}{4}a^2-\dfrac{9}{25}\\=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}a\right)^2-\left(\dfrac{3}{5}\right)^2\\=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}a-\dfrac{3}{5}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2}a+\dfrac{3}{5}\right)$
d/ $\dfrac{9}{4}a^4-\dfrac{16}{25}\\=\left(\dfrac{3}{2}a^2\right)^2-\left(\dfrac{4}{5}\right)^2\\=\left(\dfrac{3}{2}a^2-\dfrac{4}{5}\right)\left(\dfrac{3}{2}a^2+\dfrac{4}{5}\right)\\=\left[\left(\sqrt{\dfrac 3 2}a\right)^2-\left(\dfrac{2\sqrt 5}{5}\right)^2\right]\left(\dfrac{3}{2}a^2+\dfrac{4}{5}\right)\\=\left(\sqrt{\dfrac 3 2}a-\dfrac{2\sqrt 5}{5}\right)\left(\sqrt{\dfrac 3 2}a+\dfrac{2\sqrt 5}{5}\right)\left(\dfrac{3}{2}a^2+\dfrac{4}{5}\right)$
e/ $(2a+b)^2-a^2\\=(2a+b-a)(2a+b+a)\\=(a+b)(3a+b)$
f/ $16(x-1)^2-25(x+y)^2\\=[4(x-1)]^2-[5(x-y)]^2\\=[4(x-1)-5(x-y)][4(x-1)+5(x-y)]\\=[4x-4-5x+5y][4x-4+5x-5y]\\=(-x+5y-4)(9x-5y-4)$
\(a\left(b^2+c^2\right)+b\left(a^2+c^2\right)+c\left(a^2+b^2\right)-2abc-a^3-b^3-c^3\)
\(=c\left(a-b\right)^2+\left[ab^2+ac^2+a^2b+bc^2-a^3-b^3-c^3\right]\)
\(=c\left(a-b\right)^2+c^2\left(a+b-c\right)+ab^2+a^2b-a^3-b^3\)
\(=c\left(a-b\right)^2+c^2\left(a+b-c\right)-\left(a^3-a^2b\right)+\left(ab^2-b^3\right)\)
\(=c\left(a-b\right)^2+c^2\left(a+b-c\right)-a^2\left(a-b\right)+b^2\left(a-b\right)\)
\(=c\left(a-b\right)^2+c^2\left(a+b-c\right)-\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)^2\)
\(=-\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a+b-c\right)+c^2\left(a+b-c\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b-c\right)\left(a-b+c\right)\left(-a+b+c\right)\)
.\(a\left(b^2+c^2\right)+b\left(c^2+a^2\right)+c\left(a^2+b^2\right)-2abc-a^3-b^3-c^3\)
=\(a\left(b^2-2bc+c^2-a^2\right)+b\left(a^2+2ac+c^2-b^2\right)+c\left(a^2-2ab+b^2-c^2\right)\)
=\(a\left[\left(b-c\right)^2-a^2\right]+b\left[\left(a+c\right)^2-b^2\right]+=c\left[\left(a-b^2\right)-c^2\right]\)
=\(a\left(c-b+a\right)\left(a+b-c\right)+b\left(a+c-b\right)\left(a+b+c\right)+c\left(a-b+c\right)\left(a-b-c\right)\)
=\(\left(a+c-b\right)\left[a\left(c-b+a\right)+b\left(a+b+c\right)+c\left(a-b-c\right)\right]\)
=\(\left(a+c-b\right)\left(b+a-c\right)\left(c+b-a\right)\)
Lời giải:
a. $a^4+a^3+a^2+a=(a^4+a^3)+(a^2+a)$
$=a^3(a+1)+a(a+1)=(a+1)(a^3+a)=a(a+1)(a^2+1)$
b. $3xy^2+5y-3x^2y+(-5x)=(3xy^2-3x^2y)+(5y-5x)$
$=3xy(y-x)+5(y-x)=(y-x)(3xy+5)$
c. $xy-z+y-xz=(xy+y)-(z+xz)=y(x+1)-z(x+1)=(x+1)(y-z)$
d.
$x^2-bx+ax-ab=(a^2+ax)-(bx+ab)=a(a+x)-b(a+x)=(a+x)(a-b)$
\(a,=\left(x+1\right)\left(x+3\right)\\ b,=-5x^2+15x+x-3=\left(x-3\right)\left(1-5x\right)\\ c,=2x^2+2x+5x+5=\left(2x+5\right)\left(x+1\right)\\ d,=2x^2-2x+5x-5=\left(x-1\right)\left(2x+5\right)\\ e,=x^3+x^2-4x^2-4x+x+1=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-4x+1\right)\\ f,=x^2+x-5x-5=\left(x+1\right)\left(x-5\right)\)
a, \(4abc-8ab^2c=4abc\left(1-2b\right)\)
b, \(x^2\left(2a-1\right)+x\left(1-2a\right)=x^2\left(2a-1\right)-x\left(2a-1\right)\)
\(=x\left(x-1\right)\left(2a-1\right)\)
c, \(9a^4\left(a-2\right)+a^2\left(a-2\right)=a^2\left(9a^2+1\right)\left(a-2\right)\)
d, \(\left(a-4\right)\left(2a-1\right)-8a+4=\left(a-4\right)\left(2a-1\right)-4\left(2a-1\right)\)
\(=\left(a-8\right)\left(2a-1\right)\)
a) `4abc-8ab^2c=4abc(1-2b)`
b) `x^2 (2a-1)+x(1-2a) = x^2 (2a-1) -x(2a-1) = (2a-1)(x^2-x)=x(2a-1)(x-1)`
c) `9a^4 (a-2) +a^2 (a-2) = (a-2)(9a^4+a^2)=a^2 (a-2)(9a^2+1)`
d) `(a-4)(2a-1)-8a+4=(a-4)(2a-1)-4(2a-1)=(2a-1)(a-8)`
\(a,Sửa:a^2-b^2=\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)\\ b,=a^4+2a^2b^2+b^4-2a^2b^2\\ =\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2-2a^2b^2=\left(a^2+b^2-ab\sqrt{2}\right)\left(a^2+b^2+ab\sqrt{2}\right)\\ c,=a\left(a-1\right)\\ d,=a^2-a-2a+2=\left(a-1\right)\left(a-2\right)\\ e,=a^2-2a-3a+6=\left(a-2\right)\left(a-3\right)\\ g,=a^2-3a-4a+12=\left(a-3\right)\left(a-4\right)\)