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Với \(k\ne1\) và điểm O bất kì, ta có:
\(\overrightarrow{MA}=k\overrightarrow{MB}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{OA}-\overrightarrow{OM}=k\left(\overrightarrow{OB}-\overrightarrow{OM}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{OA}-k\overrightarrow{OB}=\left(1-k\right)\overrightarrow{OM}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{OM}=\frac{\overrightarrow{OA}-k\overrightarrow{OB}}{1-k}\) (đpcm)
a/ \(\overrightarrow{AC}=3\overrightarrow{AM};\overrightarrow{BN}=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{MN}=\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BN}=\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(=\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{CB}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{CD}+\overrightarrow{DC}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BC}=\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{DC}+\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{BC}=\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AC}=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
Hmm, MN làm sao vuông góc vs BC đc. Nó chỉ vuông góc khi M là TĐ của AC thôi, bởi N là trung điểm của BC rồi mà, hại não :((
2/\(\overrightarrow{BK}=\frac{4}{13}\overrightarrow{BA}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{BC}+\overrightarrow{CK}=\frac{4}{13}\overrightarrow{BC}+\frac{4}{13}\overrightarrow{CA}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{CK}=\frac{9}{13}\overrightarrow{CB}+\frac{4}{13}\overrightarrow{CA}\)
\(\overrightarrow{GB}+\overrightarrow{GM}+\overrightarrow{GN}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{GC}+\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{GC}+\overrightarrow{CM}+\overrightarrow{GC}+\overrightarrow{CN}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\overrightarrow{GC}+\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{CN}+\overrightarrow{NM}+\overrightarrow{CN}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\overrightarrow{GC}+\overrightarrow{CB}+2\overrightarrow{CN}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{CA}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
Ta có : \(\overrightarrow{CN}=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{CB}\Rightarrow3\overrightarrow{GC}+\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{CB}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{CA}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{CG}=\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{CB}+\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{18}\overrightarrow{CA}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{CG}=\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{CB}+\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{BC}+\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{CA}+\frac{1}{18}\overrightarrow{CA}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{CB}+\frac{2}{9}\overrightarrow{CA}\)
Có \(\overrightarrow{CK}=\frac{18}{13}\overrightarrow{CG}\Rightarrow\) C,G,K thẳng hàng
Gọi độ dài đoạn thẳng \(AB\) là \(a\)
Ta có:
\(\overrightarrow{MA}.\overrightarrow{AB}=\dfrac{a}{2}.a.cos180^o=\dfrac{-a^2}{2}\)
\(\overrightarrow{MA}.\overrightarrow{MB}=\dfrac{a}{2}.\dfrac{a}{2}.cos180^o=\dfrac{-a^2}{4}\)
\(\overrightarrow{AM}.\overrightarrow{AB}=\dfrac{a}{2}.a.cos0^o=\dfrac{a^2}{2}\)
\(\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MC}=\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{MD}+\overrightarrow{DC}=\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MD}+\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{DC}=\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MD}\)
b/
\(2\left(\overrightarrow{JA}+\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{DA}+\overrightarrow{AI}\right)=2\left(\overrightarrow{JB}+\overrightarrow{DI}\right)=2\left(\overrightarrow{JD}+\overrightarrow{DB}+\overrightarrow{DB}+\overrightarrow{BI}\right)\)
\(=2\left(2\overrightarrow{DB}+\overrightarrow{IC}+\overrightarrow{CJ}\right)=2\left(2\overrightarrow{DB}+\overrightarrow{IJ}\right)=2\left(2\overrightarrow{DB}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BD}\right)=3\overrightarrow{DB}\)c/
\(\overrightarrow{AK}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BK}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{BD}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{6}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BC}\right)=\frac{5}{6}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{AH}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BH}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{5}\overrightarrow{BC}=\frac{6}{5}\left(\frac{5}{6}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{BC}\right)=\frac{6}{5}\overrightarrow{AK}\)
\(\Rightarrow A;K;H\) thẳng hàng
Giả sử M(x;y;z)M(x;y;z) thỏa mãn −−→MA=k−−→MBMA→=kMB→ với k≠1k≠1.
Ta có −−→MA=(x1–x;y1–y;z1–z),−−→MB=(x2–x;y2–y;z2–z)MA→=(x1–x;y1–y;z1–z),MB→=(x2–x;y2–y;z2–z)
−−→MA=k−−→MB⇔⎧⎪⎨⎪⎩x1–x=k(x2–x)y1–y=k(y2–y)z1–z=k(z2–z)⇔⎧⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎨⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎩x=x1–kx21–ky=y1–ky21–kz=z1–kz21–kMA→=kMB→⇔{x1–x=k(x2–x)y1–y=k(y2–y)z1–z=k(z2–z)⇔{x=x1–kx21–ky=y1–ky21–kz=z1–kz21–k