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Lời giải:
a. Đề thiếu
b. PT $\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{(x-1)^2}+\sqrt{(x-2)^2}=3$
$\Leftrightarrow |x-1|+|x-2|=3$
Nếu $x\geq 2$ thì pt trở thành:
$x-1+x-2=3$
$\Leftrightarrow 2x-3=3$
$\Leftrightarrow x=3$ (tm)
Nếu $1\leq x< 2$ thì:
$x-1+2-x=3\Leftrightarrow 1=3$ (vô lý)
Nếu $x< 1$ thì:
$1-x+2-x=3$
$\Leftrightarrow x=0$ (tm)
1) \(\sqrt{x^2+1}=\sqrt{5}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+1=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2=5-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2=2^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
2) \(\sqrt{2x-1}=\sqrt{3}\) (ĐK: \(x\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\))
\(\Leftrightarrow2x-1=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x=3+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{4}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=2\left(tm\right)\)
3) \(\sqrt{43-x}=x-1\) (ĐK: \(x\le43\))
\(\Leftrightarrow43-x=\left(x-1\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x+1=43-x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x-42=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-7\right)\left(x+6\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=7\left(tm\right)\\x=-6\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
4) \(x-\sqrt{4x-3}=2\) (ĐK: \(x\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{4x-3}=x-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x-3=\left(x-2\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-4x+4=4x-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-8x+7=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-7\right)\left(x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=7\left(tm\right)\\x=1\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
5) \(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}+3}=\dfrac{1}{2}\) (ĐK: \(x\ge0\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}+3=2\sqrt{x}+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{x}=3-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=1^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=1\left(tm\right)\)
1)
\(\sqrt{x^2+1}=\sqrt{5}\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2+1=5\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2=5-1=4\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy PT có nghiệm `x=2` hoặc `x=-2`
2)
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\sqrt{2x-1}=\sqrt{3}\\ \Leftrightarrow2x-1=3\\ \Leftrightarrow2x=4\\ \Leftrightarrow x=2\left(tm\right)\)
Vậy PT có nghiệm `x=2`
3)
\(ĐKXĐ:x\le43\)
PT trở thành:
\(43-x=\left(x-1\right)^2=x^2-2x+1\\ \Leftrightarrow43-x-x^2+2x-1=0\\ \Leftrightarrow-x^2+x+42=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-6\left(tm\right)\\x=7\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy PT có nghiệm `x=-6` hoặc `x=7`
4)
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
PT trở thành:
\(\sqrt{4x-3}=x-2\\ \Leftrightarrow4x-3=\left(x-2\right)^2=x^2-4x+4\\ \Leftrightarrow4x-3-x^2+4x-4=0\\ \Leftrightarrow-x^2+8x-7=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\left(tm\right)\\x=7\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy PT có nghiệm \(x=1\) hoặc \(x=7\)
5)
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge0\)
PT trở thành:
\(\sqrt{x+3}=2\sqrt{x}+2\\ \Leftrightarrow x+3=\left(2\sqrt{x}+2\right)^2=4x+8\sqrt{x}+4\\ \Leftrightarrow x+3-4x-8\sqrt{x}-4=0\\ \Leftrightarrow-3x-8\sqrt{x}-1=0\left(1\right)\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x}=t\left(t\ge0\right)\)
Khi đó:
(1)\(\Leftrightarrow3t^2+8t+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=\dfrac{-4+\sqrt{13}}{3}\left(loại\right)\\t=\dfrac{-4-\sqrt{13}}{3}\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy PT vô nghiệm.
Thấy : \(x^2-4x+16=\left(x-2\right)^2+12>0\forall x\)
P/t \(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2-4x+16\right)-36+\sqrt{x^2-4x+16}=0\)
Đặt \(t=\sqrt{x^2-4x+16}>0\) ; khi đó :
\(2t^2+t-36=0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=4\\t=-\dfrac{9}{2}\left(L\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Với t = 4 hay \(\sqrt{x^2-4x+16}=4\Leftrightarrow x^2-4x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy ...
\(a,PT\Leftrightarrow\left|x+3\right|=3x-6\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+3=3x-6\left(x\ge-3\right)\\x+3=6-3x\left(x< -3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{9}{2}\left(tm\right)\\x=\dfrac{3}{4}\left(ktm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{9}{2}\\ b,PT\Leftrightarrow\left|x-1\right|=\left|2x-1\right|\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=2x-1\\1-x=2x-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=\dfrac{2}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(c,ĐK:x\le\dfrac{2}{5}\\ PT\Leftrightarrow4-5x=25x^2-20x+4\\ \Leftrightarrow25x^2-15x=0\\ \Leftrightarrow5x\left(5x-3\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\left(tm\right)\\x=\dfrac{3}{5}\left(ktm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=0\\ d,ĐK:x\le\dfrac{2}{5}\\ PT\Leftrightarrow4-5x=2-5x\\ \Leftrightarrow x\in\varnothing\)
a) \(3x-2\sqrt{x-1}=4\) (ĐK: x ≥ 1)
\(\Rightarrow3x-2\sqrt{x-1}-4=0\)
\(\Rightarrow3x-6-2\sqrt{x-1}+2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(x-2\right)-2\left(\sqrt{x-1}-1\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(x-2\right)-2.\dfrac{x-2}{\sqrt{x-1}+1}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left[3-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x-1}+1}\right]=0\)
*TH1: x = 2 (t/m)
*TH2: \(3-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x-1}+1}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow3=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x-1}+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow3\sqrt{x-1}+3=2\)
\(\Rightarrow3\sqrt{x-1}=-1\) (vô lí)
Vậy S = {2}
b) \(\sqrt{4x+1}-\sqrt{x+2}=\sqrt{3-x}\) (ĐK: \(-\dfrac{1}{4}\le x\le3\) )
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{4x+1}-3-\sqrt{x+2}+2-\sqrt{3-x}+1=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{4x-8}{\sqrt{4x+1}+3}-\dfrac{x-2}{\sqrt{x+2}+2}+\dfrac{x-2}{\sqrt{3-x}+1}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{4x+1}+3}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+2}+2}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3-x}+1}\right)=0\)
=> x = 2
\(a,3x-2\sqrt{x-1}=4\left(x\ge1\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow-2\sqrt{x-1}=4-3x\\ \Leftrightarrow4\left(x-1\right)=16-24x+9x^2\\ \Leftrightarrow9x^2-28x+20=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(9x-10\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\left(tm\right)\\x=\dfrac{10}{9}\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(b,\sqrt{4x+1}-\sqrt{x+2}=\sqrt{3-x}\left(-\dfrac{1}{4}\le x\le3\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow4x+1+x+2-2\sqrt{\left(4x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)}=3-x\\ \Leftrightarrow-2\sqrt{\left(4x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)}=2-6x\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{4x^2+9x+2}=3x-1\\ \Leftrightarrow4x^2+9x+2=9x^2-6x+1\\ \Leftrightarrow5x^2-15x-1=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\Delta=225+20=245\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{15-\sqrt{245}}{10}=\dfrac{15-7\sqrt{5}}{10}\left(ktm\right)\\x=\dfrac{15+\sqrt{245}}{10}=\dfrac{15+7\sqrt{5}}{10}\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{15+7\sqrt{5}}{10}\)
Lời giải:
a. ĐKXĐ: $x\geq 4$
PT $\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{(x-4)+4\sqrt{x-4}+4}=2$
$\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{(\sqrt{x-4}+2)^2}=2$
$\Leftrightarrow |\sqrt{x-4}+2|=2$
$\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{x-4}+2=2$
$\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{x-4}=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x=4$ (tm)
b. ĐKXĐ: $x\in\mathbb{R}$
PT $\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{(2x-1)^2}=\sqrt{(x-3)^2}$
$\Leftrightarrow |2x-1|=|x-3|$
\(\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} 2x-1=x-3\\ 2x-1=3-x\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x=-2\\ x=\frac{4}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
c.
PT \(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} 2x-1\geq 0\\ 2x^2-2x+1=(2x-1)^2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x\geq \frac{1}{2}\\ 2x^2-2x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x\geq \frac{1}{2}\\ 2x(x-1)=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow x=1\)
Câu 4:
Giả sử điều cần chứng minh là đúng
\(\Rightarrow x=y\), thay vào điều kiện ở đề bài, ta được:
\(\sqrt{x+2014}+\sqrt{2015-x}-\sqrt{2014-x}=\sqrt{x+2014}+\sqrt{2015-x}-\sqrt{2014-x}\) (luôn đúng)
Vậy điều cần chứng minh là đúng
2) \(\sqrt{x^2-5x+4}+2\sqrt{x+5}=2\sqrt{x-4}+\sqrt{x^2+4x-5}\)
⇔ \(\sqrt{\left(x-4\right)\left(x-1\right)}-2\sqrt{x-4}+2\sqrt{x+5}-\sqrt{\left(x+5\right)\left(x-1\right)}=0\)
⇔ \(\sqrt{x-4}.\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)-\sqrt{x+5}\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)=0\)
⇔ \(\left(\sqrt{x-4}-\sqrt{x+5}\right)\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)=0\)
⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-4}-\sqrt{x+5}=0\\\sqrt{x-1}-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-4}=\sqrt{x+5}\\\sqrt{x-1}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\in\varnothing\\x=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔ x = 5
Vậy S = {5}
a)ĐK:\(\begin{cases}25x^2-9 \ge 0\\5x+3 \ge 0\\\end{cases}\)
`<=>` \(\begin{cases}(5x-3)(5x+3) \ge 0\\5x+3 \ge 0\\\end{cases}\)
`<=>` \(\begin{cases}\left[ \begin{array}{l}x\ge \dfrac35\\x \le -\dfrac35\end{array} \right.\\\end{cases}\)
`<=>` \(\left[ \begin{array}{l}x=-\dfrac35\\x \ge \dfrac35\end{array} \right.\)
`pt<=>\sqrt{5x+3}(\sqrt{5x-3}-2)=0`
`<=>` \(\left[ \begin{array}{l}5x+3=0\\\sqrt{5x-3}=2\end{array} \right.\)
`<=>` \(\left[ \begin{array}{l}x=-\dfrac35\\5x-3=4\end{array} \right.\)
`<=>` \(\left[ \begin{array}{l}x=-\dfrac35\\x=7/5\end{array} \right.\)
`b)sqrt{x-3}/sqrt{2x+1}=2`
ĐK:\(\begin{cases}x-3 \ge 0\\2x+1>0\\\end{cases}\)
`<=>x>=3`
`pt<=>sqrt{x-3}=2sqrt{2x+1}`
`<=>x-3=8x+4`
`<=>7x=7`
`<=>x=1(l)`
`c)sqrt{x^2-2x+1}+sqrt{x^2-4x+4}=3`
`<=>sqrt{(x-1)^2}+sqrt{(x-2)^2}=3`
`<=>|x-1|+|x-2|=3`
`**x>=2`
`pt<=>x-1+x-2=3`
`<=>2x=6`
`<=>x=3(tm)`
`**x<=1`
`pt<=>1-x+2-x=3`
`<=>3-x=3`
`<=>x=0(tm)`
`**1<=x<=2`
`pt<=>x-1+2-x=3`
`<=>=-1=3` vô lý
Vậy `S={0,3}`
1) \(\sqrt[]{9\left(x-1\right)}=21\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9\left(x-1\right)=21^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9\left(x-1\right)=441\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-1=49\Leftrightarrow x=50\)
2) \(\sqrt[]{1-x}+\sqrt[]{4-4x}-\dfrac{1}{3}\sqrt[]{16-16x}+5=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[]{1-x}+\sqrt[]{4\left(1-x\right)}-\dfrac{1}{3}\sqrt[]{16\left(1-x\right)}+5=0\)
\(\)\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[]{1-x}+2\sqrt[]{1-x}-\dfrac{4}{3}\sqrt[]{1-x}+5=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[]{1-x}\left(1+3-\dfrac{4}{3}\right)+5=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[]{1-x}.\dfrac{8}{3}=-5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[]{1-x}=-\dfrac{15}{8}\)
mà \(\sqrt[]{1-x}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow pt.vô.nghiệm\)
3) \(\sqrt[]{2x}-\sqrt[]{50}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[]{2x}=\sqrt[]{50}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x=50\Leftrightarrow x=25\)
1) \(\sqrt{9\left(x-1\right)}=21\) (ĐK: \(x\ge1\))
\(\Leftrightarrow3\sqrt{x-1}=21\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}=7\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-1=49\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=49+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=50\left(tm\right)\)
2) \(\sqrt{1-x}+\sqrt{4-4x}-\dfrac{1}{3}\sqrt{16-16x}+5=0\) (ĐK: \(x\le1\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{1-x}+2\sqrt{1-x}-\dfrac{4}{3}\sqrt{1-x}+5=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5}{3}\sqrt{1-x}+5=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5}{3}\sqrt{1-x}=-5\) (vô lý)
Phương trình vô nghiệm
3) \(\sqrt{2x}-\sqrt{50}=0\) (ĐK: \(x\ge0\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x}=\sqrt{50}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x=50\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{50}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=25\left(tm\right)\)
4) \(\sqrt{4x^2+4x+1}=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(2x+1\right)^2}=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|2x+1\right|=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x+1=6\left(ĐK:x\ge-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\\2x+1=-6\left(ĐK:x< -\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x=5\\2x=-7\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{5}{2}\left(tm\right)\\x=-\dfrac{7}{2}\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
5) \(\sqrt{\left(x-3\right)^2}=3-x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|x-3\right|=3-x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-3=3-x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+x=3+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{6}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=3\)
Ta có: \(\sqrt{1-2x+x^2}+\sqrt{4+4x+x^2}=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(x+2\right)^2}=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|x-1\right|+\left|x+2\right|=3\)(*)
Trường hợp 1: x<-2
(*)\(\Leftrightarrow1-x+\left(-x-2\right)=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1-x-x-2=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2x-1=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2x=4\)
hay x=-2(loại)
Trường hợp 2: \(-2\le x< 1\)
(*)\(\Leftrightarrow1-x+x+2=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3=3\)(nhận hết các giá trị của x thỏa mãn \(-2\le x< 1\))
Trường hợp 3: \(x\ge1\)
(*)\(x-1+x+2=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x+1=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x=2\)
hay x=1(nhận)
Vậy: S={x|\(-2\le x\le1\)}