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\(P=\frac{1}{x\left(x+1\right)}+\frac{1}{y\left(y+1\right)}+\frac{1}{z\left(z+1\right)}\)
\(\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{xyz\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)}}\)
Mà theo BĐT AM - GM ta có tiếp:
\(xyz\le\left(\frac{x+y+z}{3}\right)^3=1\)
\(\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)\le\left(\frac{x+y+z+3}{3}\right)^3=8\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{3}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra tại x=y=z=1
Vậy..................
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=>\(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{x}{y+z}+\frac{y}{z+x}+\frac{z}{x+y}\right)=1\)
=>\(\frac{x^2}{y+z}+\frac{xy}{y+z}+\frac{xz}{y+z}+\frac{xy}{z+x}+\frac{y^2}{z+x}+\frac{yz}{z+x}+\frac{xz}{x+y}+\frac{yz}{x+y}+\frac{z^2}{x+y}=1\)
=>\(\left(\frac{x^2}{y+z}+\frac{y^2}{z+x}+\frac{z^2}{x+y}\right)+\left(\frac{xy}{y+z}+\frac{xz}{y+z}+\frac{xy}{z+x}+\frac{yz}{z+x}+\frac{xz}{x+y}+\frac{yz}{x+y}\right)=1\)
=>\(\left(\frac{x^2}{y+z}+\frac{y^2}{z+x}+\frac{z^2}{x+y}\right)+\left(\frac{xy+xz}{y+z}+\frac{xy+yz}{z+x}+\frac{xz+yz}{x+y}\right)=1\)
=>\(\left(\frac{x^2}{y+z}+\frac{y^2}{z+x}+\frac{z^2}{x+y}\right)+\left(x+y+z\right)=1\)
=>\(\left(\frac{x^2}{y+z}+\frac{y^2}{z+x}+\frac{z^2}{x+y}\right)+1=1\)
=>\(\frac{x^2}{y+z}+\frac{y^2}{z+x}+\frac{z^2}{x+y}=0\)
Ta có:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y+z=3\\\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=\frac{1}{3}\\x^2+y^2+z^2=17\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y+z=3\\2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=\frac{2xyz}{3}\\x^2+y^2+z^2=17\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y+z=3\\2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=\frac{2xyz}{3}\\\left(x+y+z\right)^2=17+\frac{2xyz}{3}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y+z=3\\xy+yz+zx=-4\\xyz=-12\end{cases}}\)
Từ đây ta có x, y, z sẽ là 3 nghiệm của phương trình
\(X^3-3X^2-4X+12=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(X-3\right)\left(X-2\right)\left(X+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}X=3\\X=2\\X=-2\end{cases}}\)
Vậy các bộ x, y, z thỏa đề bài là: \(\left(x,y,z\right)=\left(-2,2,3;-2,3,2;2,-2,3;2,3,-2;3,2,-2;3,-2,2\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho 3 số dương, ta được:
\(\frac{1}{x\left(x+1\right)}+\frac{x}{2}+\frac{x+1}{4}\ge\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{x\left(x+1\right)}.\frac{x}{2}.\frac{x+1}{4}}=3.\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{y\left(y+1\right)}+\frac{y}{2}+\frac{y+1}{4}\ge\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{y\left(y+1\right)}.\frac{y}{2}.\frac{y+1}{4}}=3.\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{z\left(z+1\right)}+\frac{z}{2}+\frac{z+1}{4}\ge\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{z\left(z+1\right)}.\frac{z}{2}.\frac{z+1}{4}}=3.\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x\left(x+1\right)}+\frac{x}{2}+\frac{x+1}{4}\)\(+\frac{1}{y\left(y+1\right)}+\frac{y}{2}+\frac{y+1}{4}\)
\(+\frac{1}{z\left(z+1\right)}+\frac{z}{2}+\frac{z+1}{4}\ge\frac{3}{2}.3=\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x^2+x}+\frac{1}{y^2+y}+\frac{1}{z^2+z}+\frac{x+y+z}{2}+\frac{x+y+z+3}{4}\ge\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x^2+x}+\frac{1}{y^2+y}+\frac{1}{z^2+z}+\frac{3}{2}+\frac{3}{2}\ge\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x^2+x}+\frac{1}{y^2+y}+\frac{1}{z^2+z}\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Do \(x;y;z>0\) và \(x^2+y^2+z^2=3\)
Nên \(0< x;y;z< \sqrt{3}\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{x+y+z}\le\frac{1}{9x}+\frac{1}{9y}+\frac{1}{9z}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge x+\frac{1}{x}+y+\frac{1}{y}+z+\frac{1}{z}-\frac{1}{9x}-\frac{1}{9y}-\frac{1}{9z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\ge x+\frac{8}{9x}+y+\frac{8}{9y}+z+\frac{8}{9z}\)
Ta chứng minh: \(x+\frac{8}{9x}\ge\frac{x^2+33}{18}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2\left(16-x\right)\ge\)
Do đó \(A\ge\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2+99}{18}=\frac{102}{18}=\frac{17}{3}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=y=z=1
Dòng thứ 3 từ dưới lên là \(\left(x-1\right)^2\left(16-x\right)\ge0\)
Đúng do \(0< x< \sqrt{3}< 16\)