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Ta có : \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{2017}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{bc+ac+ab}{abc}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)( do a + b + c = 2017 )
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(bc+ac+ab\right)=abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(bc+ac\right)\left(a+b+c\right)+ab\left(a+b\right)+abc-abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow c\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b+c\right)+ab\left(a+b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(ac+bc+c^2+ab\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left[b\left(c+a\right)+c\left(c+a\right)\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=0\)
Ta có : hoặc a+b =0
hoặc b+c =0
hoặc c+a = 0
Mà \(a+b+c=2017\)
\(\Rightarrow\)hoặc a = 2017; hoặc b = 2017 ; hoặc c = 2017
Vậy ...
Ta có \(\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{b}-\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{a-b-c}\)
=> \(\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{b}=\frac{1}{a-b-c}+\frac{1}{c}\)
=> \(\frac{b-a}{ab}=\frac{a-b}{\left(a-b-c\right)c}\)
Khi b - a = 0
=> (b - a)(a - c)(b + c) = 0 (1)
Khi b - a \(\ne0\)
=> ab = -(a - b - c).c
=> ab = -ac + bc + c2
=> ab + ac - bc - c2 = 0
=> a(b + c) - c(b + c) = 0
=> (a - c)(b + c) = 0
=> (b - a)(a - c)(b + c) = 0 (2)
Từ (1)(2) => (b - a)(a - c)(b + c) = 0
=> b - a = 0 hoặc a - c = 0 hoặc b + c = 0
=> a = b hoặc a = c hoặc b = -c
Vậy tồn tại 2 số bằng nhau hoặc đối nhau
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{2017}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\left(a+b+c=2017.\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b}{ab}+\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{a+b+c}=0\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{ab}+\frac{a+b}{c\left(a+b+c\right)}=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{c\left(a+b+c\right)}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a+b=0\\\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{ac+bc+c^2}=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}c=2017\\ab=-\left(ac+bc+c^2\right)\Rightarrow ab+ac+bc+c^2=0\end{cases}}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}c=2017\\\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)=0\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a+c=0=>b=2017\\b+c=0=>a=2017\end{cases}}\end{cases}}\)\(=>\orbr{\begin{cases}c=2017\\\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)=0=>\orbr{\begin{cases}a+c=0\\b+c=0\end{cases}< =>\orbr{\begin{cases}b=2017\\a=2017\end{cases}}}\end{cases}}\)=>c=2017 hoặc (a+c)(b+c)=0
=>hoặc c=2017,hoặc a=b=2017
=>đpcm
\(â+b+c=2017\Rightarrow a+b=2017-c\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{2017}\Rightarrow\frac{a+b}{ab}=\frac{c-2017}{2017c}=\frac{2017-c}{ab}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(c-2017\right)\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{2017c}\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(c-2017\right)\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{2017\left(2017-a-b\right)}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a-2017\right)\left(b-2017\right)\left(c-2017\right)}{abc}=0\)
Do đó tồn tại ít nhất một số trong các số đã cho bằng 2017
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{2019}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab+bc+ac}{abc}=\frac{1}{2019}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2019\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2019\left(ab+bc+ac\right)-abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ac\right)-abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc\right)+ac\left(a+b+c\right)-abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)+ca\left(a+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+b^2+bc+ac\right)\left(a+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)=0\)
Suy ra a + b = 0 hoặc b + c = 0 hoặc a + c = 0
Mà a + b + c = 2019 nên phải có 1 trong ba số a,b,c bằng 2019 (đpcm)
Sửa đề: \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{2021}\\abc=2021\end{cases}}\) thì \(M=\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+c^2\right)\) là số chính phương
Ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{2021}\\abc=2021\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}=\frac{1}{abc}\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca=1\left(abc\ne0\right)\)
Khi đó ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}1+a^2=ab+bc+ca+a^2=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\\1+b^2=\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)\\1+c^2=\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)\end{cases}}\)
Nhân vế với vế ta được:
\(M=\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+c^2\right)=\left[\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\right]^2\)
=> M là số chính phương
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{a+1}{b^2+1}=\left(a+1\right)-\frac{b^2\left(a+1\right)}{b^2+1}\ge\left(a+1\right)-\frac{b^2\left(a+1\right)}{2b}\)
\(=\left(a+1\right)-\frac{ab+b}{2}\). Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại rồi cộng theo vế:
\(VT\ge3+\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{ab+bc+ca+a+b+c}{2}\)
\(\ge3+\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}+a+b+c}{2}=3\)
Dấu "=" <=> \(a=b=c=1\)
\(Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có: \(\frac{a+1}{b^2+1}=\left(a+1\right)-\frac{b^2\left(a+1\right)}{b^2+1}\ge\left(a+1\right)-\frac{b^2\left(a+1\right)}{2b}\) \(=\left(a+1\right)-\frac{ab+b}{2}\). Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại rồi cộng theo vế: \(VT\ge3+\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{ab+bc+ca+a+b+c}{2}\) \(\ge3+\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}+a+b+c}{2}=3\) Dấu "=" <=> \(a=b=c=1\)\)
1. Ta có: \(ab+bc+ca=3abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=3\)
Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{a}=m\\\frac{1}{b}=n\\\frac{1}{c}=p\end{cases}}\) khi đó \(\hept{\begin{cases}m+n+p=3\\M=2\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)+mnp\end{cases}}\)
Áp dụng Cauchy ta được:
\(\left(m+n-p\right)\left(m-n+p\right)\le\left(\frac{m+n-p+m-n+p}{2}\right)^2=m^2\)
\(\left(n+p-m\right)\left(n+m-p\right)\le n^2\)
\(\left(p-n+m\right)\left(p-m+n\right)\le p^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(m+n-p\right)\left(n+p-m\right)\left(p+m-n\right)\le mnp\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m^3+n^3+p^3+3mnp\ge m^2n+mn^2+n^2p+np^2+p^2m+pm^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(m+n+p\right)\left(m^2+n^2+p^2-mn-np-pm\right)+6mnp\ge mn\left(m-n\right)+np\left(n-p\right)+pm\left(p-m\right)\)
\(=mn\left(3-p\right)+np\left(3-m\right)+pm\left(3-n\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)-3\left(mn+np+pm\right)+6mnp\ge3\left(mn+np+pm\right)-3mnp\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)+9mnp\ge6\left(mn+np+pm\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xyz\ge\frac{2}{3}\left(mn+np+pm\right)-\frac{1}{3}\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow M\ge2\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)+\frac{2}{3}\left(mn+np+pm\right)-\frac{1}{3}\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)\)
\(=\frac{5}{3}\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)+\frac{2}{3}\left(mn+np+pm\right)\)
\(=\frac{4}{3}\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)+\frac{1}{3}\left(m^2+n^2+p^2+2mn+2np+2pm\right)\)
\(=\frac{4}{3}\left(m^2+n^2+p^2\right)+\frac{1}{3}\left(m+n+p\right)^2\)
\(\ge\frac{4}{3}\cdot3+\frac{1}{3}\cdot3^2=4+3=7\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(m=n=p=1\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Với đk a, b,c khác 0
a+b+c=1<=> a+b=1-c
Ta có \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=1\Leftrightarrow bc+ac+ba=abc\Leftrightarrow c\left(b+a\right)+ab\left(1-c\right)=0\)
<=> \(c\left(1-c\right)+ab\left(1-c\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(1-c\right)\left(c+ab\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(1-c\right)\left(1-a-b+ab\right)=0\)
<=>\(\left(1-c\right)\left[\left(1-a\right)-b\left(1-a\right)\right]=0\Leftrightarrow\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\)a=1 hoặc b=1 hoặc c=1