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\(=\frac{\left(a-b\right)^3-c^3+3ab\left(a-b\right)-3abc}{a^2+2ab+b^2+b^2-2bc+c^2+c^2+2ca+a^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a-b-c\right)\left(a^2-2ab+b^2+ac-bc+c^2\right)+3ab\left(a-b-c\right)}{\left(a-b-c\right)^2+a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\cdot a-b-c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+ac+ab-bc\right)}{4+a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
\(=\frac{2a^2+2b^2+2c^2+2ab-2bc+2ca}{4+a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a-b-c\right)^2+a^2+b^2+c^2}{4+a^2+b^2+c^2}=1\)
k mk nha
\(M=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^3-c^3+3ab\left(a-b\right)-3abc}{\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c+a\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a-b-c\right)\left(a^2-2ab+b^2+ac-bc+c^2+3ab\right)}{2a^2+2b^2+2c^2+2ab-2bc+2ac}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a-b-c\right)\cdot\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc+ac\right)}{2\cdot\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+ab-bc+ac\right)}=\dfrac{2}{2}=1\)
Do \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)=0\)
Mà \(a+b+c\ne0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ac\)
Khi đó:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)\(=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
Vậy: \(N=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(a^3+b^3+3abc>c^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a^3+b^3-c^3+3abc>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(a+b\right)^3-c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+3abc>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(a+b-c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2+ac+bc\right)-3ab\left(a+b-c\right)>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(a+b-c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+ac+bc\right)>0\)
\(a,\)\(b,\)\(c\) là 3 cạnh tam giác
\(\Rightarrow\)\(a+b-c>0\)(BĐT tam giác)
\(a^2+b^2+c^2+Ab+ac+bc>0\) do a,b,c >0
suy ra: \(\left(a+b-c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+ac\right)>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(a^3+b^3-c^3+3abc>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(a^3+b^3+3abc>c^3\)
P/S: phần BĐT mk trình bày kém, mong các bn giúp đỡ
Từng ý nhé !!!
\(P=\frac{a^2}{bc}+\frac{b^2}{ac}+\frac{c^2}{ab}=\frac{a^3}{abc}+\frac{b^3}{abc}+\frac{c^3}{abc}=\frac{1}{abc}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{abc}.3abc=3\)
\(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2}{2}\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a+b+c=0\\a=b=c\end{cases}}\)
Xét \(a+b+c=0\) ta có :\(\hept{\begin{cases}a+b=-c\\a+c=-b\\b+c=-a\end{cases}}\)
\(Q=\frac{a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)-c^2}+\frac{b^2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(b-c\right)-a^2}+\frac{c^2}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c-a\right)-b^2}\)
\(=\frac{a^2}{-ac+bc-c^2}+\frac{b^2}{-ab+ac-a^2}+\frac{c^2}{-bc+ab-b^2}\)
\(=\frac{a^2}{-c\left(a+c\right)+bc}+\frac{b^2}{-a\left(a+b\right)+ac}+\frac{c^2}{-b\left(c+b\right)+ab}\)
\(=\frac{a^2}{bc+bc}+\frac{b^2}{ac+ac}+\frac{c^2}{ab+ab}\)
\(=\frac{a^2}{2bc}+\frac{b^2}{2ac}+\frac{c^2}{2ab}=\frac{1}{2abc}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)=\frac{1}{2abc}.3abc=\frac{3}{2}\)
Xét \(a=b=c\) ta có :
\(Q=\frac{a^2}{a^2-a^2-a^2}+\frac{b^2}{b^2-b^2-b^2}+\frac{c^2}{c^2-c^2-c^2}=-1-1-1=-3\)
Không mất tính tổng quát ta giả sử \(a\ge b\ge c\)
Vì \(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\Rightarrow lal,lbl,lcl\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a^2\ge a^3\\b^2\ge b^3\\c^2\ge c^3\end{cases}}\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge a^3+b^3+c^3=1\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}a^2=a^3\\b^2=b^3\\c^2=c^3\end{cases}}\)
Mà theo giả thuyết thì \(\hept{\begin{cases}a\ge b\ge c\\a^2+b^2+c^2=1\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=1\\b=c=0\end{cases}}}\)
Vậy C = 1
Tương tự với các trường hợp giả sử về a,b,c khác ta luôn có giá trị C = 1
Giả sử\(a\ge b\ge c\)(ko mất tính tổng quát) .Ta có :\(\hept{\begin{cases}a^2+b^2+c^2=1\\a^2;b^2;c^2\ge0\end{cases}\Rightarrow a^2;b^2;c^2\le1\Rightarrow|a|;|b|;|c|\le1\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a^2\ge a^3\\b^2\ge b^3\\c^2\ge c^3\end{cases}\Rightarrow}a^2+b^2+c^2\ge a^3+b^3+c^3=1}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a^2=a^3\\b^2=b^3\\c^2=c^3\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a,b,c\in\left\{0;1\right\}\\a^2+b^2+c^2=1\\a\ge b\ge c\end{cases}}\Rightarrow a=1;b=c=0\Rightarrow a^2+b^9+c^{1945}=1}\)
Em tham khảo link:Câu hỏi của Conan Kudo - Toán lớp 8 - Học toán với OnlineMath
Ta có bổ đề
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{3}{abc}\)
ÁP DỤNG BỔ ĐỀ VÀO P ta có
\(P=\frac{bc}{a^2}+\frac{ca}{b^2}+\frac{ab}{c^2}=abc\left(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}\right)\)
\(=abc.\frac{3}{abc}=3\)
Vậy P=3
a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc
⇒ a3 + b3 + c3 - 3abc = 0
⇒ ( a3 + b3 ) + c3 - 3abc = 0
⇒ ( a + b )3 - 3ab( a + b ) + c3 - 3abc = 0
⇒ [ ( a + b )3 + c3 ] - [ 3ab( a + b ) + 3abc ] = 0
⇒ ( a + b + c )[ ( a + b )2 - ( a + b ).c + c2 ] - 3ab( a + b + c ) = 0
⇒ ( a + b + c )( a2 + b2 + c2 - ab - bc - ac ) = 0
Vì a + b + c ≠ 0
⇒ a2 + b2 + c2 - ab - bc - ac = 0
⇒ 2( a2 + b2 + c2 - ab - bc - ac ) = 0
⇒ 2a2 + 2b2 + 2c2 - 2ab - 2bc - 2ac = 0
⇒ ( a2 - 2ab + b2 ) + ( b2 - 2bc + c2 ) + ( a2 - 2ac + c2 ) = 0
⇒ ( a - b )2 + ( b - c )2 + ( a - c )2 = 0
Vì \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-b\right)^2\\\left(b-c\right)^2\\\left(a-c\right)^2\end{cases}}\ge0\forall a,b,c\)⇒ ( a - b )2 + ( b - c )2 + ( a - c )2 ≥ 0 ∀ a,b,c
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b = c
Khi đó \(N=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{a^2+a^2+a^2}{\left(a+a+a\right)^2}=\frac{3a^2}{\left(3a\right)^2}=\frac{3a^2}{9a^2}=\frac{1}{3}\)
Từ \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^3-3\left(a+b\right).c\left(a+b+c\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b+c\right)^2-3\left(a+b\right)c-3ab\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca-3ab-3bc-3ca\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]=0\)
Vì \(a+b+c\ne0\)\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
Vì \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\), \(\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\), \(\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)\(\forall a,b,c\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)\(\forall a,b,c\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Thay \(a=b=c\)vào N ta có: \(N=\frac{3a^2}{\left(3a\right)^2}=\frac{3a^2}{9a^2}=\frac{1}{3}\)
Vậy \(N=\frac{1}{3}\)