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a, Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgCO_3}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{hhkhí\left(H_2,CO_2\right)}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
Zn + H2SO4 ---> ZnSO4 + H2
a a a
MgCO3 + H2SO4 ---> MgSO4 + CO2 + H2O
b b b
Hệ pt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0,2\\161a+84b=28,1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\left(mol\right)\\b=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=0,1.65=6,5\left(g\right)\\m_{MgCO_3}=0,1.84-8,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{6,5+8,4}=43,62\%\\\%m_{MgCO_3}=100\%-43,62\%=56,38\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,336}{22,4}=0,015\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
2Na + H2SO4 ---> Na2SO4 + H2
0,03 0,015 0,015
\(\rightarrow m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=7,26-0,015.142=5,13\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{5,13}{342}=0,015\left(mol\right)\)
Al2O3 + 3H2SO4 ---> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
0,015 0,015
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Na}=0,03.23=0,69\left(g\right)\\m_{Al_2O_3}=0,015.102=1,53\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Na}=\dfrac{0,69}{0,69+1,53}=31,08\%\\\%m_{Al_2O_3}=100\%-31,08\%=68,92\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, Thiếu \(d_{H_2SO_4}\)
a. PTHH: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
\(n_{H_2}=\frac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3mol\)
Theo phương trình \(n_{Al}=n_{AlCl_3}=\frac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,2mol\)
\(\rightarrow m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4g\)
\(\rightarrow m=5,4\)
b. \(m_{\text{muối}}=m_{AlCl_3}=0,2.133,5=26,7g\)
a)PTHH\(2AL+6HCL\rightarrow2ALCL_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
\(n_{H_2}=\frac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3mol\)
Theo phương trình:\(n_{AL}=n_{alcl_3}=\frac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,2mol\)
\(\rightarrow m_{AL}=0,2\cdot27=5,4g\)
\(\rightarrow m=5,4\)
b)\(m_{muối}=m_{alcl_3}=0,2\cdot133,5=26,7g\)
Câu 8:
\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2KMnO4 + 16HCl --> 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O
0,1<---------------------------------0,25
=> \(n_{KMnO_4\left(tt\right)}=\dfrac{0,1.100}{80}=0,125\left(mol\right)\)
=> mKMnO4(tt) = 0,125.158 = 19,75 (g)
Câu 18:
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> n2 muối cacbonat = 0,1 (mol)
Câu 8: 2KMnO4 (0,125 mol) + 16HCl (đậm đặc) \(\underrightarrow{H=80\%}\) 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2\(\uparrow\) (0,25 mol) + 8H2O.
Khối lượng thuốc tím cần dùng là 0,125.158=19,75 (g).
Câu 18: 2H+ + CO32- (0,1 mol) \(\rightarrow\) CO2 (0,1 mol) + H2O.
Số mol của hỗn hợp hai muối cacbonat là 0,1 mol.
Câu 1:
Gọi : nMg=a(mol); nMgO=b(mol) (a,b>0)
a) PTHH: Mg + 2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
a________2a_______a______a(mol)
MgO +2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2O
b_____2b_______b___b(mol)
Ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+40b=8,8\\22,4a=4,48\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> mMg=0,2.24=4,8(g)
=>%mMg= (4,8/8,8).100=54,545%
=> %mMgO= 45,455%
b) m(muối)=mMg2+ + mCl- = 0,3. 24 + 0,6.35,5=28,5(g)
c) V=VddHCl=(2a+2b)/2=0,3(l)=300(ml)
Câu 2:
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=0,4\cdot2=0,8\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: \(Ca+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
0,2____0,4_____0,2____0,2 (mol)
\(CaO+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O\)
0,2____0,4______0,2____0,2 (mol)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Ca}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot40}{0,2\cdot40+0,2\cdot56}\cdot100\%\approx41,67\%\\\%m_{CaO}=58,33\%\\m_{CaCl_2}=\left(0,2+0,2\right)\cdot111=44,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Na2CO3+2HCl---.>2NaCl2+H2O+CO2
x--------------------------------------x(mol)
CaCO3+2HCl--->CaCl2+H2O+CO2
y---------------------------------------y(mol)
n CO2=6,72/22,4=0,3(mol)
Theo bài ra ta có hpt
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}106x+100y=30,6\\x+y=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
m Na2CO3=0,1.106=10,6(g)
m CaCO3=0,2.100=20(g)
\(n_{CO2}=\frac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi số mol Na2CO3 và CaCO3 là a và b
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}106a+100b=30,6\\a+b=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow m_{Na2CO3}=0,1.106=10,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow m_{CaCO3}=0,2.100=20\left(g\right)\)