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a) Gọi số mol Mg, Fe là a, b (mol)
=> 24a + 56b = 11,84
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{146.14\%}{36,5}=0,56\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
a--->2a--------->a----->a
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b-->2b-------->b------>b
=> 2a + 2b = 0,56
=> a = 0,12; b = 0,16
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Mg=\dfrac{0,12.24}{11,84}.100\%=24,324\%\\\%Fe=\dfrac{0,16.56}{11,84}.100\%=75,676\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(n_{H_2}=a+b=0,28\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(V_{H_2}=0,28.22,4=6,272\left(l\right)\)
c) mdd sau pư = 11,84 + 146 - 0,28.2 = 157,28 (g)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,12.95}{157,28}.100\%=7,25\%\\C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,16.127}{157,28}.100\%=12,92\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\ a,\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,02.56}{4,36}.100\approx25,688\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Ag}\approx74,312\%\\ b,Ta.thấy:2,18=\dfrac{1}{2}.4,36\\ \Rightarrow m_{hh\left(câuB\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}.m_{hh\left(câuA\right)}\\ n_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,02}{2}=0,01\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Ag}=\dfrac{2,18-0,01.56}{108}=0,015\left(mol\right)\\ 2Fe+3Cl_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2FeCl_3\\ 2Ag+Cl_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2AgCl\\ n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.n_{Fe}+\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Ag}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,01+\dfrac{1}{2}.0,015=0,0225\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{Cl_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,0225.22,4=0,504\left(l\right)\)
a) Gọi \(n_{Mg}=4x\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{Al}=5x\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(24.4x+27.5x=6,93\Leftrightarrow x=0,03mol\)
=> \(n_{Mg}=4.0,03=0,12mol\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=2,88g,mAl=6,93-2,88=4,05g\)
b) pt:
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
0,12 0,24
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
0,15 0,45
=> nHCl = 0,24+0,45=0,69 mol
=> VHCl = 0,69:4=0,1725 lít
a) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24.n_{Mg}+27.n_{Al}=6,93\\\dfrac{n_{Mg}}{n_{Al}}=\dfrac{4}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=0,12\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,12.24=2,88\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=0,15.27=4,05\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
0,12->0,24
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,15-->0,45
=> nHCl(min) = 0,24 + 0,45 =0,69 (mol)
=> \(V_{dd.HCl\left(min\right)}=\dfrac{0,69}{4}=0,1725\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3.36}{22.4}=0.15\left(mol\right)\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(0.15.....0.3.......................0.15\)
\(m_{Mg}=0.15\cdot24=3.6\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Cu}=10-3.6=6.4\left(g\right)\)
\(\%Mg=\dfrac{3.6}{10}\cdot100\%36\%\)
\(\%Cu=64\%\)
\(V_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0.3}{2}=0.15\left(l\right)\)
Gọi $n_{Mg} = a(mol) ; n_{Zn} = b(mol) \Rightarrow 24a + 65b = 15,3(1)$
$Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2$
$Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2$
Theo PTHH : $n_{H_2} = a + b = \dfrac{6,72}{22,4} = 0,3(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra : $a = \dfrac{81}{410} ; b = \dfrac{21}{205}$
$m_{Mg} = \dfrac{81}{410}.24 = 4,74(gam)$
$m_{Zn} = 15,3 - 4,74 = 10,56(gam)$
\(a,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,576}{22,4}=0,115\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}95a+133,5b=10,475\\a+1,5b=0,115\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,04\\b=0,05\end{matrix}\right.\\ \%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,04.24}{0,04.24+0,05.27}.100\approx41,558\%\Rightarrow\%m_{Al}\approx58,442\%\\ b,n_{HCl}=2.n_{H_2}=2.0,115=0,23\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow x=C\%_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,23.36,5}{100}.100=8,395\%\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{V_{H_2}}{22,4}=\dfrac{20,16}{22,4}=0,9mol\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\\n_{Mg}=y\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=27x\\m_{Mg}=24y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
x \(\dfrac{3}{2}x\) ( mol )
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
y y ( mol )
Ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+24y=19,8\\\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=0,9\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,6\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4g\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=0,6.24=14,4g\)
\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{19,8}.100=27,27\%\)
\(\%m_{Mg}=100\%-27,27\%=72,73\%\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3mol\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
x x
\(Ca+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2\)
y y
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+40y=10,4\\x+y=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1mol\\y=0,2mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot24}{10,4}\cdot100\%=23,08\%\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Ca}=100\%-23,08\%=76,92\%\)
\(\Sigma n_{HCl}=0,1\cdot2+0,2\cdot2=0,6mol\)
\(V_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,6}{4}=0,15\left(l\right)=150ml\)