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Giả sử: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ 24x + 27y = 7,8 (1)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
BT e, có: 2x + 3y = 0,8 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\left(mol\right)\\y=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,1.24=2,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{7,8}.100\%\approx30,77\%\\\%m_{Al}\approx69,23\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, BTNT Mg và Al, có:
nMgCl2 = nMg = 0,1 (mol)
nAlCl3 = nAl = 0,2 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.95}{0,1.95+0,2.133,5}.100\%\approx26,24\%\\\%m_{AlCl_3}\approx73,76\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
a)\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Mol: x 1,5x
PTHH: Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2
Mol: y y
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+24y=5,1\\1,5x+y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27.100\%}{5,1}=52,94\%;\%m_{Mg}=100-52,94=47,06\%\)
b)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Mol: 0,1 0,15 0,05
PTHH: Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2
Mol: 0,1 0,1 0,1
\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(0,1+0,15\right).98.100}{9,8}=250\left(g\right)\)
mdd sau pứ = 5,1+250-0,15.2 = 254,8(g)
\(C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.342.100\%}{254,8}=6,71\%\)
\(C\%_{ddMgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120.100\%}{254,8}=4,71\%\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=c\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)⇒ 24a + 27b + 56c = 26,05(1)
\(Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2\\ 2Al +6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\\ Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = a + 1,5b + c = \dfrac{13,44}{22,4} = 0,6(2)\)
\(Mg + Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} MgCl_2\\ 2Al + 3Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2AlCl_3\\ 2Fe + 3Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2FeCl_3\\ n_{Cl_2} = a + 1,5b + 1,5c = \dfrac{17,36}{22,4} = 0,775(3)\)
Từ (1)(2)(3) suy ra: a = 0,325 ; b = -0,05 ; c = 0,35
→ Sai đề.
Gọi số mol Al, Fe là a, b (mol)
=> 27a + 56b = 11,1 (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
a----------------------->1,5a
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b------------------------>b
=> 1,5a + b = 0,3 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,1; b = 0,15
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27}{11,1}.100\%=24,32\%\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,15.56}{11,1}.100\%=75,68\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 3 :
a) $Mg + H_2SO_4 \to MgSO_4 + H_2$
$n_{Mg} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3,36}{22,4} = 0,15(mol)$
$\%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,15.24}{13,2}.100\% = 27,27\%$
$\%m_{Cu} = 100\% -27,27\% = 72,73\%$
b) $n_{Cu} = \dfrac{13,2 - 0,15.24}{64}= 0,15(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{muối} = 0,15.120 + 0,15.160= 42(gam)$
Bài 4 :
Gọi $n_{Fe} = a(mol) ; n_{Mg} = b(mol)$
$56a + 24b = 18,4(1)$
$Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2$
$Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2$
Theo PTHH : $n_{H_2} = a + b = \dfrac{11,2}{22,4} = 0,5(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,2 ; b = 0,3
$\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,2.56}{18,4}.100\% = 60,87\%$
$\%m_{Mg} = 100\% -60,87\% = 39,13\%$
b) $n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 1(mol)$
$V_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{1}{0,8}= 1,25(lít)$
Không viết phương trình nhá !!
a) Gọi a và b lần lượt là số mol của Mg và Al
\(\Rightarrow24a+27b=1,035\) (1)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,176}{22,4}=0,0525\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn electron: \(2a+3b=2\cdot0,0525\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,015\\b=0,025\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,015\cdot24}{1,035}\cdot100\%\approx34,78\%\\\%m_{Al}=65,22\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\Sigma n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100\cdot9,8\%}{98}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4\left(p/ứ\right)}=n_{H_2}=0,0525\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,0475\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,0475\cdot98=4,655\left(g\right)\)
c) Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=0,0125\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgO}=n_{Mg}=0,015\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{oxit}=0,0125\cdot102+0,015\cdot40=1,875\left(g\right)\)
a) Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_A=1,035\left(g\right)\rightarrow24a+27b=1,035\) (1)
\(Mg+2H_2SO_4đ\rightarrow MgSO_4+SO_2+2H_2O\)
a ------------ 2a ----------------------- a (mol)
\(2Al+6H_2SO_4đ\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3SO_2+6H_2O\)
b ------------ 3b -------------------------- 1,5b (mol)
\(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{1,176}{22,4}=0,0525\left(mol\right)\rightarrow a+1,5b=0,0525\) (2)
Giải hệ (1)(2) \(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,015\\b=0,025\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,015.24=0,36\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=0,025.27=0,675\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=34,78\%\\\%m_{Al}=65,22\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(\Sigma_{n_{H_2SO_4}}=2a+3b=0,105\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=0,105.98=10,29\left(g\right)\)
c. \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgO}=n_{Mg}=0,015\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Al}=0,0125\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow m_{oxit}=0,015.40+0,0125.102=1,875\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{V_{H_2}}{22,4}=\dfrac{20,16}{22,4}=0,9mol\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\\n_{Mg}=y\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=27x\\m_{Mg}=24y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
x \(\dfrac{3}{2}x\) ( mol )
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
y y ( mol )
Ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+24y=19,8\\\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=0,9\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,6\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4g\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=0,6.24=14,4g\)
\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{19,8}.100=27,27\%\)
\(\%m_{Mg}=100\%-27,27\%=72,73\%\)