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a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\left(1dm^3=1l\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Mol: x 1,5x
PTHH: Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2
Mol: y y
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+24y=7,8\\1,5x+y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27.100\%}{7,8}=69,23\%;\%m_{Mg}=100-69,23=30,77\%\)
b)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Mol: 0,2 0,3 0,1
PTHH: Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2
Mol: 0,1 0,1 0,1
\(V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,3+0,1}{2}=0,2\left(l\right)=200\left(ml\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=1,12.200=224\left(g\right)\)
c) \(C_{M_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\)
\(C_{M_{ddMgSO_4}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\)
thôi thì mình làm cho bn vậy, câu a ko làm dc đâu, làm câu b thôi, làm sao biết dc chất nào dư khi chỉ có số mol 1 chất?
nK2SO3=0.1367(mol)
mddH2SO4=Vdd.D=200.1,04=208(g)
K2SO3+H2SO4-->K2SO4+H2O+SO2
0.1367----0.1367----0.1367---------0.1367 (mol)
mddspu=100+208-0,1367.64=299.2512(g) ; mK2SO4=0,1367.174=23.7858(g)
==>C%=23.7858.100/299.512=7.94%
2)pt bn tự ghi nhé
ta có hệ pt: 56a+27b=11 và a+3b/2=8.96/22.4==>a=0.1, b=0.2
==>%Fe=0.1x56x100/11=50.9%
%Al=100%-50.9%=49.1%
b)nH2SO4= 0.7(mol)==>VddH2SO4=0.7/2=0.35(L)
a) \(2Fe\left(OH\right)_3-^{t^o}\rightarrow Fe_2O_3+3H_2O\)
\(Cu\left(OH\right)_2-^{t^o}\rightarrow CuO+H_2O\)
Gọi x,y lần lượt là số mol Fe(OH)3 và Cu(OH)2
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}107x+98y=20,5\\160.\dfrac{x}{2}+80y=16\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> x= 0,1 ; y=0,1
=> \(\%m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,1.107}{20,5}.100=52,2\%\)
\(\%m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=47,8\%\)
b) \(2Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6H_2O\)
\(Cu\left(OH\right)_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+2H_2O\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,1.\dfrac{3}{2}+0,1=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,25.98}{20\%}=122,5\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddsaupu}=20,5+122,5=143\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.400}{143}.100=13,97\%\)
\(C\%_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.160}{143}.100=11,19\%\)
c) \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
\(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,05\left(mol\right);n_{CuO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,05.3+0,1=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{ddH_2SO_4\left(pứ\right)}=\dfrac{0,25.98}{20\%}=122,5\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{ddH_2SO_4\left(bđ\right)}=122,5.110\%=134,75\left(g\right)\)
PTHH: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
a) Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)=n_{Fe}\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,25\cdot56=14\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=6\left(g\right)\)
b) Theo PTHH: \(n_{FeSO_4}=0,25mol\) \(\Rightarrow m_{FeSO_4}=0,25\cdot152=38\left(g\right)\)
Mặt khác: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,25\cdot98}{10\%}=245\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,25\cdot2=0,5\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{hh}+m_{H_2SO_4}-m_{Cu}-m_{H_2}=258,5\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{38}{258,5}\cdot100\%\approx14,7\%\)
pthh : Fe +H2SO4 → FeSO4 +H2
theo bài ra số mol của h2 =0,15 (mol)
theo pt : nFe=nH2=0,15 (mol)
mFe=0,15 .56 =8,4 (g) ⇒mCu=20-8,4=11,6 (g)
a) Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> 24x + 27y = 7,8 (*)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
x----->x------------------------>x
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
y------>1,5y----------------------->1,5y
=> x + 1,5y = 0,4 (**)
Từ (*), (**) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1.24}{7,8}.100\%=30,77\%\\\%m_{Al}=100\%-30,77\%=69,23\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(\sum n_{H_2SO_4}=0,1+0,2.1,5=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,4}{2}=0,2\left(l\right)=200\left(ml\right)\)
=> \(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=1,12.200=224\left(g\right)\)
Bài 4:
a)
- HCl
\(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2\uparrow+H_2O\\ CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\\ Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3HCl\rightarrow FeCl_3+3H_2O\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\\ KOH+HCl\rightarrow KCl+H_2O\)
- H2SO4
\(CaCO_3+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CaSO_4+CO_2\uparrow+H_2O\\ CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\\ 2Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6H_2O\\ Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\\ 2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ Ba\left(NO_3\right)_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+2HNO_3\)
b)
\(2Ag+2H_2SO_{4\left(đặc,nóng\right)}\rightarrow Ag_2SO_4+SO_2\uparrow+2H_2O\)
\(C_6H_{12}O_6\xrightarrow[t^o]{H_2SO_{4\left(đặc\right)}}6C+12H_2O\)
Sau đó C sinh ra phản ứng với H2SO4: \(C+2H_2SO_{4\left(đặc,nóng\right)}\rightarrow CO_2\uparrow+2SO_2\uparrow+H_2O\)
\(2Fe+6H_2SO_{4\left(đặc,nóng\right)}\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3SO_2\uparrow+6H_2O\)