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a, \(A=\frac{1}{2}+\left[\frac{1}{2}\right]^2+\left[\frac{1}{2}\right]^3+...+\left[\frac{1}{2}\right]^{99}\)
\(2A=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^{97}}+\frac{1}{2^{98}}\)
\(2A-A=\left[1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^{97}}+\frac{1}{2^{98}}\right]-\left[\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^{99}}\right]\)
\(A=1-\frac{1}{2^{99}}\)
Do đó A < 1
b, \(B=\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{99}}\)
\(3B=1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}\)
\(3B-B=\left[1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}\right]-\left[1+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{99}}\right]\)
\(2B=1-\frac{1}{3^{99}}\)
\(B=\frac{1-\frac{1}{3^{99}}}{2}< \frac{1}{2}\)
Ta có: \(n^2>n^2-1=n^2-n+n-1=\left(n+1\right)\left(n-1\right)\)
Lúc đó:
\(B=\frac{1}{2^3}+\frac{1}{3^3}+\frac{1}{4^3}+...+\frac{1}{2019^3}\)
\(< \frac{1}{1.2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3.4}+\frac{1}{3.4.5}+...+\frac{1}{2018.2019.2020}\)
\(2B< \frac{2}{1.2.3}+\frac{2}{2.3.4}+\frac{2}{3.4.5}+...+\frac{2}{2018.2019.2020}\)
\(=\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{3.4}-\frac{1}{4.5}+...+\frac{1}{2018.2019}-\frac{1}{2019.2020}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2019.2020}< \frac{1}{2}\)
\(2B< \frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow B< \frac{1}{2^2}\)
Vậy \(B=\frac{1}{2^3}+\frac{1}{3^3}+\frac{1}{4^3}+...+\frac{1}{2019^3}< \frac{1}{2^2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
B=\(\frac{1}{2}+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^3+...+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{99}\)
=> 2B=\(2\left[\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^3+...+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{99}\right]\)
=\(1+\frac{1}{2}+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+...+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{98}\)
=>2B-B=\(\left[1+\frac{1}{2}+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+...+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{98}\right]-\left[\frac{1}{2}+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+...+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{99}\right]\)
=>B=\(1-\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{99}< 1\)
=> B<1
\(\frac{B}{3}=\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^3}+\frac{1}{3^4}+...+\frac{1}{3^{2006}}\)
\(\frac{2B}{3}=B-\frac{B}{3}=\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{3^{2006}}\Rightarrow2B=1-\frac{1}{2^{2005}}\Rightarrow B=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2.3^{2005}}< \frac{1}{2}\)
Ta có:3B\(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}^2+\frac{1}{3}^3+...+\frac{1}{3}^{2003}+\frac{1}{3}^{2004}\)
B=\(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}^2+\frac{1}{3}^3+..+\frac{1}{3}^{2003}+\frac{1}{3}^{2004}+\frac{1}{3}^{2005}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)2B=1-\(\frac{1}{3}^{2005}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)B=\(\frac{1-\frac{1}{3}^{2005}}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)B=\(\frac{1-\frac{1}{3}^{2005}}{2}<\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)B<\(\frac{1}{2}\)
\(B=\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{2004}}+\frac{1}{3^{2005}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2B=3\left(1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{2004}}+\frac{1}{3^{2005}}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2B=1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{2003}}+\frac{1}{3^{2004}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2B-B=\left(1+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{2004}}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{2005}}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B=1-\frac{1}{3^{2005}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B=1-\frac{1}{3^{2005}}< \frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(B< \frac{1}{2}\) (Đpcm)
\(B=\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+..+\dfrac{1}{3^{2004}}+\dfrac{1}{3^{2005}}\\ \)
\(C=3B=1+\dfrac{1}{3}+..+\dfrac{1}{3^{2004}}\)
\(C-B=1-\dfrac{1}{3^{3005}}\)
\(B=\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2.3^{2005}}< \dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\frac{B}{3}=\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{2006}}\)
\(\frac{2B}{3}=B-\frac{B}{3}=\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{3^{2006}}\)
\(2B=1-\frac{1}{3^{2005}}\Rightarrow B=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2.3^{2005}}<\frac{1}{2}\)