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`M=1/2^2+1/3^2+1/4^2+...+1/2021^2`
Vì `1/2^2>1/(2.3)`
`1/(3^2)>1/(3.4)`
`....................`
`1/2021^2>1/(2021.2022)`
`=>M>1/(2.3)+1/(3.4)+............+1/(2021.2022)`
`=>M>1/2-1/3+1/3-1/4+..........+1/2021-1/2022`
`=>M>1/2-1/2022=505/1011=1/3+56/337>1/3(1)`
Vì `1/2^2<1/(1.2)`
`1/(3^2)<1/(2.3)`
`....................`
`1/2021^2<1/(2021.2020)`
`=>M<1/(1.2)+1/(2.3)+............+1/(2020.2021)`
`=>M<1-1/2+1/2-1/3+..........+1/2020-1/2021`
`=>M<1-1/2021<1(2)`
`(1)(2)=>1/3<M<1`
+Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}=\dfrac{1}{2.2}>\dfrac{1}{2.3};\dfrac{1}{3^2}=\dfrac{1}{3.3}>\dfrac{1}{3.4};\dfrac{1}{4^2}=\dfrac{1}{4.4}>\dfrac{1}{4.5};...;\dfrac{1}{2021^2}=\dfrac{1}{2021.2021}>\dfrac{1}{2021.2022}\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2021^2}>\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+\dfrac{1}{4.5}+...+\dfrac{1}{2021.2022}=\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{5}+...+\dfrac{1}{2021}-\dfrac{1}{2022}=\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2022}=\dfrac{505}{1011}>\dfrac{1}{3}\left(1\right)\)+Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}=\dfrac{1}{2.2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2};\dfrac{1}{3^2}=\dfrac{1}{3.3}< \dfrac{1}{2.3};\dfrac{1}{4^2}< \dfrac{1}{3.4};...;\dfrac{1}{2021^2}< \dfrac{1}{2020.2021}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2021^2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2020.2021}=1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2020}-\dfrac{1}{2021}=1-\dfrac{1}{2021}< 1\left(2\right)\)Từ (1) và (2) suy ra: \(\dfrac{1}{3}< M< 1\)
\(\frac{3^2-1}{3^2}.\frac{4^2-1}{4^2}.\frac{5^2-1}{5^2}.....\frac{50^2-1}{50^2}\)
Tính biểu thức trên
\(=\left(1-\frac{1}{3^2}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{4^2}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{5^2}\right)...\left(1-\frac{1}{50^2}\right)\)
\(=\frac{8}{3\cdot3}\cdot\frac{15}{4\cdot4}\cdot\frac{24}{5\cdot5}\cdot....\cdot\frac{2499}{50\cdot50}\)
\(=\frac{\left(2\cdot4\right)\left(3\cdot5\right)\left(4\cdot6\right)...\left(49\cdot51\right)}{\left(3\cdot3\right)\left(4\cdot4\right)\left(5\cdot5\right)...\left(50\cdot50\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(2\cdot3\cdot4\cdot...\cdot49\right)\left(4\cdot5\cdot6\cdot...\cdot51\right)}{\left(3\cdot4\cdot5\cdot...\cdot50\right)\left(3\cdot4\cdot5\cdot...\cdot50\right)}\)
\(=\frac{2\cdot51}{50\cdot3}\)
S = ( 1 - \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\))(1-\(\dfrac{1}{3^2}\))(1-\(\dfrac{1}{4^2}\))....(1-\(\dfrac{1}{50^2}\))
S = \(\dfrac{2^2-1}{2^2}\).\(\dfrac{3^2-1}{3^2}\).\(\dfrac{4^2-1}{4^2}\)...\(\dfrac{50^2-1}{50^2}\)
Vì em lớp 6 nên phải làm thêm bước này nữa:
Ta có
n2 - 1 = n2 - n + n - 1 = (n2 - n) + (n - 1) = n(n-1) + (n-1) =(n-1)(n+1)
Áp dụng công thức vừa chứng minh trên vào tổng S ta có:
S = \(\dfrac{\left(2-1\right)\left(2+1\right)}{2^2}\).\(\dfrac{\left(3-1\right)\left(3+1\right)}{3^2}\)....\(\dfrac{\left(50-1\right)\left(50+1\right)}{50^2}\)
S = \(\dfrac{1.3}{2^2}\).\(\dfrac{2.4}{3^2}\)......\(\dfrac{49.51}{50^2}\)
S = \(\dfrac{\left(3.4.5.6....49\right)^2.1.2.50.51}{\left(3.4.5.6...49\right)^2.2.2.50.50}\)
S = \(\dfrac{1}{2}\) . \(\dfrac{51}{50}\)
S = \(\dfrac{51}{100}\)
\(A=1+2^1+2^2+...+2^{2017}\)
\(2A=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{2018}\)
\(2A-A=2^{2018}-1hayA=2^{2018}-1\)
2; 3 tuong tu
1) A = 1 + 2 + 22 + 23 + .... + 22018
2A = 2 + 22 + 23 + 24 + ..... + 22019
2A - A = ( 2 + 22 + 23 + 24 + ..... + 22019 ) - ( 1 + 2 + 22 + 23 + .... + 22018 )
Vậy A = 22019 - 1
2) B = 1 + 3 + 32 + 33 + ..... + 32018
3A = 3 + 32 + 33 + ...... + 32019
3A - A = ( 3 + 32 + 33 + ...... + 32019 ) - ( 1 + 3 + 32 + 33 + ..... + 32018 )
2A = 32019 - 1
Vậy A = ( 32019 - 1 ) : 2
3) C = 1 + 4 + 42 + 43 + ...... + 42018
4A = 4 + 42 + 43 + ...... + 42019
4A - A = ( 4 + 42 + 43 + ...... + 42019 ) - ( 1 + 4 + 42 + 43 + ...... + 42018 )
3A = 42019 - 1
Vậy A = ( 42019 - 1 ) : 3
1/2^2+1/3^2+...+1/50^2
< 1/1.2 + 1/2.3 +...+ 1/49.50
=1-1/2+/12-1/3+1/3-...-1/49+1/49-1/50
=1-1/50<1(đpcm)
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