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\(E=\left(1-\frac{1}{1+2}\right).\left(1-\frac{1}{1+2+3}\right).\left(1-\frac{1}{1+2+3+4}\right)+...+\left(1-\frac{1}{1+1+3+...+n}\right)\)
\(E=\frac{2}{\left(1+2\right).2:2}.\frac{5}{\left(1+3\right).3:2}.\frac{9}{\left(1+4\right).4:2}...\frac{\left(1+n\right).n:2-1}{\left(1+n\right).n:2}\)
\(E=\frac{4}{2.3}.\frac{10}{3.4}.\frac{18}{4.5}...\frac{2.\left[\left(1+n\right).n:2-1\right]}{n.\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(E=\frac{1.4}{2.3}.\frac{2.5}{3.4}.\frac{3.6}{4.5}...\frac{\left(n-1\right).\left(n+2\right)}{n.\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(E=\frac{1.2.3...\left(n-1\right)}{2.3.4...n}.\frac{4.5.6...\left(n+2\right)}{3.4.5...\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(E=\frac{1}{n}.\frac{n+2}{3}=\frac{n+2}{3n}\)
\(\frac{E}{F}=\frac{n+2}{3n}:\frac{n+2}{n}=\frac{n+2}{3n}.\frac{n}{n+2}=\frac{1}{3}\)
Lời giải:
a) \(A=\left(\frac{1}{2}-1\right)\left(\frac{1}{3}-1\right)...\left(\frac{1}{n-1}-1\right)\left(\frac{1}{n}-1\right)\)
\(=\frac{1-2}{2}.\frac{1-3}{3}.\frac{1-4}{4}...\frac{-(n-2)}{n-1}.\frac{-(n-1)}{n}\)
\(=\frac{(-1)(-2)(-3)...[-(n-2)][-(n-1)]}{2.3.4...(n-1)n}\)
\(=\frac{(-1)^{n-1}(1.2.3....(n-2)(n-1))}{2.3.4...(n-1)n}=(-1)^{n-1}.\frac{1}{n}\)
b) \(B=\left(\frac{1}{2^2}-1\right)\left(\frac{1}{3^2}-1\right)...\left(\frac{1}{n^2}-1\right)\)
\(=\frac{1-2^2}{2^2}.\frac{1-3^2}{3^2}.....\frac{1-n^2}{n^2}\)
\(=\frac{(-1)(2^2-1)}{2^2}.\frac{(-1)(3^2-1)}{3^2}....\frac{(-1)(n^2-1)}{n^2}\)
\(=(-1)^{n-1}.\frac{(2^2-1)(3^2-1)...(n^2-1)}{2^2.3^2....n^2}\)
\(=(-1)^{n-1}.\frac{(2-1)(2+1)(3-1)(3+1)...(n-1)(n+1)}{2^2.3^2....n^2}\)
\(=(-1)^{n-1}.\frac{(2-1)(3-1)...(n-1)}{2.3...n}.\frac{(2+1)(3+1)...(n+1)}{2.3...n}\)
\(=(-1)^{n-1}.\frac{1.2.3...(n-1)}{2.3...n}.\frac{3.4...(n+1)}{2.3.4...n}\)
\(=(-1)^{n-1}.\frac{1}{n}.\frac{n+1}{2}=(-1)^{n-1}.\frac{n+1}{2n}\)
Ta có:
\(S=\frac{1}{1.2:2}+\frac{1}{2.3:2}+\frac{1}{3.4:2}+\frac{1}{4.5:2}+...+\frac{1}{n.\left(n+1\right):2}\)
\(\frac{1}{2}S=\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(\frac{1}{2}S=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\)
\(\frac{1}{2}S=1-\frac{1}{n}< 1\)
\(S< 2\)
Vậy...
Ta có :
\(M=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow M< \frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}\)
\(M< 1-\frac{1}{n}\)
Mà \(1-\frac{1}{n}< 1\)nên M < 1
Vậy ...
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{2^2}< \frac{1}{1.2}=1-\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{3^2}< \frac{1}{2.3}=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}\)
........
\(\frac{1}{n^2}< \frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}=\frac{1}{n-1}-\frac{1}{n}\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}< 1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{n-1}-\frac{1}{n}=1-\frac{1}{n}=\frac{n-1}{n}< 1\) (đpcm)
Bạn đưa về dạng công thức suy hồi {S1=1Sn=Sn−1+n2∀n∈Z,n≥2{S1=1Sn=Sn−1+n2∀n∈Z,n≥2 rồi sử dụng sai phân. Nó dư 1 thành phần tam thức khuyết (bậc 2) là n2n2 nên nghiệm của nó có dạng Sn=an3+bn2+cnSn=an3+bn2+cn. Thay vào các giá trị đầu là S1=1,S2=5,S3=14S1=1,S2=5,S3=14 sẽ ra a,b,ca,b,c