Tính giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức
\(P=\frac{a^4+2a^2+2}{a^2+1}\)
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\(2a^2+\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{b^2}{4}=4\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+\frac{1}{a^2}-2\right)+\left(a^2+\frac{b^2}{4}-ab\right)=4-ab-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-\frac{1}{a}\right)^2+\left(a-\frac{b}{2}\right)^2=2-ab\)
\(VF=2-ab=\left(a-\frac{1}{a}\right)^2+\left(b-\frac{b}{2}\right)^2\ge0\)
Hay \(ab\le2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=\frac{1}{a}\\b=\frac{b}{2}\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}\left(a;b\right)=\left(1;\frac{1}{2}\right)\\\left(a;b\right)=\left(-1;-\frac{1}{2}\right)\end{cases}}\)
Đặt \(\frac{a^2+1}{a}=x\Rightarrow x=\frac{a^2+1}{a}\ge\frac{2a}{a}=2\)
Khi đó:
\(S=\frac{5x}{2}+\frac{1}{x}=\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{x}{4}\right)+\frac{9x}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{x}\cdot\frac{x}{4}}+\frac{9\cdot2}{4}=1+\frac{18}{4}=\frac{11}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra tại a=1
a) \(\frac{a^2+\sqrt{a}}{a-\sqrt{a}+1}-\frac{2a+\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}}+1\)
\(=\frac{a^2+\sqrt{a}}{a-\sqrt{a}+1}-\left(2\sqrt{a}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\frac{a^2+\sqrt{a}}{a-\sqrt{a}+1}-2\sqrt{a}-1+1\)
\(=\frac{a^2-\sqrt{a}}{a-\sqrt{a}+1}-2\sqrt{a}\)
b) \(\frac{a^2+\sqrt{a}}{a-\sqrt{a}+1}-2\sqrt{a}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+\sqrt{a}.\left(a-\sqrt{a}+1\right)-2\sqrt{a}.\left(a-\sqrt{a}+1\right)=2\left(a-\sqrt{a}+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2\sqrt{a}.a+2a-\sqrt{a}-2a=2a-2\sqrt{a}+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2\sqrt{a}.a+2a-\sqrt{a}-2a=-2\sqrt{a}+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2\sqrt{a}.a+2a-\sqrt{a}-2a=-2\sqrt{a}+2-a^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2\sqrt{a}.a-\sqrt{a}=-2\sqrt{a}+2-a^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2a\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{a}=2-a^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a}.\left(2a+1\right)=2-a^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\sqrt{a}.\left(2a+1\right)\right]^2=\left(2-a^2\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4a^3-4a^2+a=4-4a^2+a^4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a=4\left(\text{thỏa mãn}\right)\\a=1\left(\text{loại}\right)\end{cases}}\)
=> a = 4
Cách ngắn hơn :
\(đkxđ\Leftrightarrow x\ge0\)
\(A=\frac{a^2+\sqrt{a}}{a-\sqrt{a}+1}-\frac{2a+\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}}+1\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}^3+1\right)}{a-\sqrt{a}+1}-\left(2\sqrt{a}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(a-\sqrt{a}+1\right)}{a-\sqrt{a}+1}\)\(-2\sqrt{a}-1+1\)
\(=\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)-2\sqrt{a}\)
\(=a+\sqrt{a}-2\sqrt{a}=a-\sqrt{a}\)
\(b,A=2\Rightarrow a-\sqrt{a}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow a-\sqrt{a}-2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a+\sqrt{a}-2\sqrt{a}-2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)-2\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}\sqrt{a}=2\\\sqrt{a}=-1\end{cases}\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a=4\\a\in\varnothing\end{cases}}}\)
\(\Rightarrow a=4\)
\(c,A=a-\sqrt{a}=\sqrt{a}^2-2.\sqrt{a}.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{4}\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{a}-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-\frac{1}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow A_{min}=-\frac{1}{4}\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{a}-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{a}=\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow a=\frac{1}{4}\)
Vậy với \(a=\frac{1}{4}\)thì A có giá trị nhỏ nhất là \(-\frac{1}{4}\)
b) \(A=2x^2-x+2017\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{2}x\right)^2-2.\sqrt{2}x.\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{8}+\frac{16135}{8}\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{2}x-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\right)^2+\frac{16135}{8}\ge\frac{16135}{8}\)
Vậy \(A_{min}=\frac{16135}{8}\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2}x-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{1}{4}\)
a) \(A=a^4-2a^3+2a^2-2a+2\)
\(=\left(a^4-2a^3+a^2\right)+\left(a^2-2a+1\right)+1\)
\(=\left(a^2-a\right)^2+\left(a-1\right)^2+1\ge1.\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}a^2-a=0\\a-1=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}a=1\)
Vậy min A = 1 đạt tại a =1/
\(P=\frac{\left(a^2+1\right)^2+1}{a^2+1}=\left(a^2+1\right)+\frac{1}{a^2+1}\)
\(......\)
đến đây tự làm nhé