Chứng minh rằng:
\(\dfrac{2021x+2023}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}\ge2\sqrt{2022}\)
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Lời giải:
Gọi biểu thức đã cho là $P$. Đặt $\sqrt{xy}=a; \sqrt{yz}=b$ với $a,b>0$ thì ta cần chứng minh:
$P=\frac{a}{1+b}+\frac{1}{a+b}+\sqrt{\frac{2b}{a+1}}\geq 2$
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\frac{a+1}{2b}.1\leq \left(\frac{\frac{a+1}{2b}+1}{2}\right)^2=(\frac{a+1+2b}{4b})^2\)
\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{\frac{2b}{a+1}}\geq \frac{4b}{a+2b+1}(1)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\frac{a}{1+b}+\frac{1}{a+b}=\frac{a+b+1}{b+1}+\frac{a+b+1}{a+b}-2=(a+b+1)(\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{a+b})-2\geq \frac{4(a+b+1)}{a+2b+1}-2(2)\)
Từ \((1);(2)\Rightarrow P\geq \frac{4(a+2b+1)}{a+2b+1}-2=2\) (đpcm)
Lời giải:
Xét hiệu:
$\frac{2022}{\sqrt{2023}}+\frac{2023}{\sqrt{2022}}-(\sqrt{2022}+\sqrt{2023})$
$=(\frac{2022}{\sqrt{2023}}-\sqrt{2023})+(\frac{2023}{\sqrt{2022}}-\sqrt{2022})$
$=\frac{2022-2023}{\sqrt{2023}}+\frac{2023-2022}{\sqrt{2022}}$
$=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2022}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2023}}>0$
$\Rightarrow \frac{2022}{\sqrt{2023}}+\frac{2023}{\sqrt{2022}}>\sqrt{2022}+\sqrt{2023}$
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM, Ta có
\(\sqrt{x-1}\le\dfrac{1+x-1}{2}=\dfrac{x}{2}\Rightarrow yz\sqrt{x-1}\le\dfrac{xyz}{2}\)
Mà \(xz\sqrt{y-2}\le\dfrac{xz\sqrt{2\left(y-2\right)}}{\sqrt{2}}\le\dfrac{xyz}{2\sqrt{2}}\)
\(yx\sqrt{z-3}\le yx.\dfrac{3+z-3}{2\sqrt{3}}=\dfrac{xyz}{2\sqrt{3}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{xy\sqrt{x-1}+xz\sqrt{y-2}+yz\sqrt{z-3}}{xyz}\le\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{4}+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{6}\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{x^2}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}=\dfrac{x^3}{x\sqrt{1-x^2}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cosi ta có:
\(x\sqrt{1-x^2}\le\dfrac{x^2+1-x^2}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^3}{x\sqrt{1-x^2}}\ge2x^3\)
Cmtt:
\(\dfrac{y^3}{y\sqrt{1-y^2}}\ge2y^3\)
\(\dfrac{z^3}{z\sqrt{1-z^2}}\ge2z^3\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}+\dfrac{y^2}{\sqrt{1-y^2}}+\dfrac{z^2}{\sqrt{1-z^2}}=\dfrac{x^3}{x\sqrt{1-x^2}}+\dfrac{y^3}{y\sqrt{1-y^2}}+\dfrac{z^3}{z\sqrt{1-z^2}}\ge2\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)=2\) (ĐPCM)
Ta có:
\(VT=2+\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{x}{z}+\dfrac{z}{x}\)
Do đó ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{z}{x}+\dfrac{x}{z}\ge\dfrac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{x}{y}+1\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}}\)
Tương tự ...
Cộng lại ta có:
\(2\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{z}{x}+\dfrac{x}{z}\right)+6\ge3\left(\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y^2}{z^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{z^2}{y^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{z^2}{x^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^2}{z^2}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{z}{x}+\dfrac{x}{z}\ge\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y^2}{z^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{z^2}{y^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{z^2}{x^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^2}{z^2}}\)
Do đó ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y^2}{z^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{z^2}{y^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{z^2}{x^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^2}{z^2}}\ge\dfrac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x}{y}}-\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x}{z}}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y}{x}}-\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y}{z}}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{z}{x}}-\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{z}{y}}\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Áp dụng giả thiết \(ab=1\) và bất đẳng thức Cauchy ta có:
\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{a-b}=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2+2ab}{a-b}=a-b+\dfrac{2}{a-b}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{2\left(a-b\right)}{a-b}}=2\sqrt{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ab=1\\a-b=\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}}{2}\\b=\dfrac{\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{2}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si ta có:
$\frac{a^2+b^2}{a-b}=\frac{(a-b)^2+2ab}{a-b}=\frac{(a-b)^2+2}{a-b}=(a-b)+\frac{2}{a-b}\geq 2\sqrt{(a-b).\frac{2}{a-b}}=2\sqrt{2}$
Ta có đpcm.
1/ Sửa đề: \(x+y+z=\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(x+y\right)+\left(y+z\right)+\left(z+x\right)-2\left(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(x-2\sqrt{xy}+y\right)+\left(y-2\sqrt{yz}+z\right)+\left(z-2\sqrt{zx}+x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{z}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{z}-\sqrt{x}\right)^2=0\)
Với mọi x, y, z ta luôn có: \(\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)^2\ge0;\) \(\left(\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{z}\right)^2\ge0;\) \(\left(\sqrt{z}-\sqrt{x}\right)^2\ge0;\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{z}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{z}-\sqrt{x}\right)^2\ge0\)
Do đó dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)^2=0\\\left(\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{z}\right)^2=0\\\left(\sqrt{z}-\sqrt{x}\right)^2=0\end{cases}}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=y\\y=z\\z=x\end{cases}}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) x = y = z
3/ Đây là BĐT Cô-si cho 2 số dương a và b, ta biến đổi tương đương để chứng minh
\(a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge\left(2\sqrt{ab}\right)^2\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(a^2+b^2+2ab-4ab\ge0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a = b
2/ Vì x > y và xy = 1 áp dụng BĐT Cô-si ta được:
\(\frac{x^2+y^2}{x-y}=\frac{\left(x-y\right)^2+2xy}{x-y}=\left(x-y\right)+\frac{1}{x-y}\ge2\sqrt{\left(x-y\right).\frac{1}{x-y}}=2\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\hept{\begin{cases}x>y\\xy=1\\x-y=\frac{1}{x-y}\end{cases}}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\\y=\frac{-1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\end{cases}}\)
Đk: \(-1< x< 1\)
Ta có \(2\sqrt{2022\left(1-x^2\right)}\le2023-x^2\)
Nếu \(0\le x< 1\) thì \(x\left(x+2021\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2021x\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2023-x^2\le2021x+2023\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(2\sqrt{2022\left(1-x^2\right)}\le2023-x^2\le2021x+2023\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{2022}\le\dfrac{2021x+2023}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2022=1-x^2\\x=0\end{matrix}\right.\), vô lý.
Vậy nếu \(0\le x< 1\) thì BĐT đúng.
Xét \(-1< x< 0\) thì đặt \(x=-t\left(0< t< 1\right)\).
BĐT cần chứng minh \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2023-2021t}{\sqrt{1-t^2}}\ge2\sqrt{2022}\)
Ta có \(2023-2021t\)
\(=2022-2022t+1+t\)
\(=2022\left(1-t\right)+\left(1+t\right)\)
\(\ge2\sqrt{2022\left(1-t\right)\left(1+t\right)}\)
\(=2\sqrt{2022\left(1-t^2\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2023-2021t}{\sqrt{1-t^2}}\ge2\sqrt{2022}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow2022-2022t=1+t\) \(\Leftrightarrow t=\dfrac{2021}{2023}\) \(\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{2021}{2023}\)
Vậy ta có đpcm. Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{2021}{2023}\)
Trường hợp \(x\) = - \(\dfrac{2020}{2021}\) thì sao em nhỉ?