Cho ba số dương a,b,c. CMR: \(a^3+\frac{b^3}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}\ge a+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\)
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giả sử a\(\le\)b \(\le\)c.
khi đó \(\frac{a}{b+c}\le\frac{b}{c+a}\le\frac{c}{a+b}\)
áp dụng BĐT Trê bư sép ta có:
\(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)\le3\left(\frac{a^3}{b+c}+\frac{b^3}{c+a}+\frac{c^3}{a+b}\right)=3VT\)
lại có a2 + b2 + c2 \(\ge\) \(\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\) nên:
3VT \(\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)\)
hay VT \(\ge\left(\frac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^2\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)\). đpcm
sửa lại
\(A=\frac{a}{1+b^2}+\frac{b}{1+c^2}+\frac{c}{1+a^2}\)
\(=a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}+b-\frac{bc^2}{1+c^2}+c-\frac{ca^2}{1+a^2}\)
áp dụng bđt cauchy ta có:
\(b^2+1\ge2b;c^2+1\ge2c;a^2+1\ge2a\)
\(\Rightarrow a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}+b-\frac{bc^2}{1+c^2}+c-\frac{ca^2}{1+a^2}\ge a-\frac{ab^2}{2b}+b-\frac{bc^2}{2b}+c-\frac{ca^2}{2a}\)
\(=a+b+c-\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)
áp dụng cauchy ta có:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\le\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c-\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\ge3-\frac{3}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{1+b^2}+\frac{b}{1+c^2}+\frac{c}{1+a^2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(Q.E.D\right)\)
dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
đặt \(A=\frac{a}{1+b^2}+\frac{b}{1+c^2}+\frac{c}{1+a^2}=a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}+b-\frac{bc^2}{1+c^2}+c-\frac{ca^2}{1+a^2}\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)-\left(\frac{ab^2}{b^2+1}+\frac{bc^2}{c^2+1}+\frac{ca^2}{a^2+1}\right)\le3-\left(\frac{ab^2}{2b}+\frac{bc^2}{2c}+\frac{ca^2}{2a}\right)=3-\left(\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\right)\ge3-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{6}=\frac{3}{2}\left(Q.E.D\right)\)
#)Giải :
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy : \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{a}{1+b^2}=a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}\ge a-\frac{ab}{2}\\\frac{b}{1+c^2}=b-\frac{bc^2}{1+c^2}\ge b-\frac{bc}{2}\\\frac{c}{1+a^2}=c-\frac{ca^2}{1+a^2}\ge c-\frac{ca}{2}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{1+b^2}+\frac{b}{1+c^2}+\frac{c}{1+a^2}\ge a+b+c-\frac{1}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge3-\frac{1}{6}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{1+b^2}+\frac{b}{1+c^2}+\frac{c}{1+a^2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Theo BĐT AM-GM:
\(\frac{a}{1+b^2}\)=a-\(\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}\)\(\ge\)a-\(\frac{ab^2}{2b}\)=a-\(\frac{ab}{2}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{b}{1+c^2}\)\(\ge\)b-\(\frac{bc}{2}\);\(\frac{c}{1+a^2}\)\(\ge\)c-\(\frac{ca}{2}\)
Suy ra \(\frac{a}{1+b^2}\)+\(\frac{b}{1+c^2}\)+\(\frac{c}{1+a^2}\)\(\ge\)a+b+c-\(\frac{1}{2}\)(ab+bc+ca)
Mặt khác thì theo BĐT AM-GM:9=a2+b2+c2+2(ab+bc+ca)
=\(\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\)+\(\frac{b^2+c^2}{2}\)+\(\frac{c^2+a^2}{2}\)+2(ab+bc+ca)\(\ge\)3(ab+bc+ca)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{2}\)(ab+bc+ca)\(\le\)\(\frac{3}{2}\)
Cho nên \(\frac{a}{1+b^2}\)+\(\frac{b}{1+c^2}\)+\(\frac{c}{1+a^2}\)\(\ge\)a+b+c-\(\frac{3}{2}\)=3-\(\frac{3}{2}\)=\(\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\frac{a}{b+c}+1+\frac{b}{c+a}+1+\frac{c}{a+b}+1=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\)
\(\ge\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{9}{b+c+c+a+a+b}\right)=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)9}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{9}{2}-3=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(VT=\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\)
\(=\frac{a}{b+c}+1+\frac{b}{c+a}+1+\frac{c}{a+b}+1-3\)
\(=\frac{a+b+c}{b+c}+\frac{a+b+c}{c+a}+\frac{a+b+c}{a+b}-3\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}[\left(a+b\right)+\left(b+c\right)+\left(c+a\right)]\)\(\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)-3\)
C/m BĐT phụ \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\ge9\text{(*) }\) với x, y, z dương
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si ta có:
\(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{xyz}.3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{xyz}}=9\)
ÁP dụng BĐT (*) ta có:
\(VT=\frac{1}{2}\left[\left(x+y\right)+\left(y+z\right)+\left(z+x\right)\right]\)\(\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{z+x}\right)-3\)
\(VT\ge\frac{1}{2}.9-3=\frac{3}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Mình dùng ''AM-GM ngược dấu'' như sau
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM ta có \(\frac{a}{1+b^2}=a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}\ge a-\frac{ab^2}{2b}=a-\frac{ab}{2}\)
Tương tự với các phân thức khác rồi cộng vế theo vế ta được:
\(\frac{a}{1+b^2}+\frac{b}{1+c^2}+\frac{c}{1+a^2}\ge a+b+c-\left(\frac{ab}{2}+\frac{bc}{2}+\frac{ca}{2}\right)=3-\left(\frac{ab}{2}+\frac{bc}{2}+\frac{ca}{2}\right)\)
Mặt khác áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM \(9=\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\le\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy \(\frac{a}{1+b^2}+\frac{b}{1+c^2}+\frac{c}{1+a^2}\ge3-\frac{3}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\frac{a}{1+b^2}=\frac{a\left(1+b^2\right)-ab^2}{1+b^2}=a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}\ge a-\frac{ab^2}{2b}=a-\frac{ab}{2}\)
Tương tự ta có \(\frac{b}{1+c^2}\ge b-\frac{bc}{2}\); \(\frac{c}{1+a^2}\ge c-\frac{ac}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge a+b+c-\frac{1}{2}\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\ge3-\frac{1}{6}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(VT=\frac{4}{2.2\sqrt{a+b}}+\frac{4}{2.2\sqrt{b+c}}+\frac{4}{2.2\sqrt{c+a}}\)
\(VT\ge\frac{4}{a+b+4}+\frac{4}{b+c+4}+\frac{4}{c+a+4}\)
\(VT\ge\frac{36}{a+b+4+b+c+4+c+a+4}=\frac{36}{24}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=2\)
Cho $a, b>0$.Chứng minh rằng $\frac{1}{{a^3 }} + \frac{{a^3 }}{{b^3 }} + b^3 \ge \frac{1}{a} + \frac{a}{b} + b$ - K2PI – TOÁN THPT | Chia sẻ Tài liệu, đề thi, hỗ trợ giải toán