cho x+y+z=a
x2+y2+z2=b
\(\dfrac{1}{\text{x
}}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{1}{c}\)
Tính xy+yz+xz, x3+y3+z3
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Bài 3:
a, (\(x\)+y+z)2
=((\(x\)+y) +z)2
= (\(x\) + y)2 + 2(\(x\) + y)z + z2
= \(x^2\) + 2\(xy\) + y2 + 2\(xz\) + 2yz + z2
=\(x^2\) + y2 + z2 + 2\(xy\) + 2\(xz\) + 2yz
b, (\(x-y\))(\(x^2\) + y2 + z2 - \(xy\) - yz - \(xz\))
= \(x^3\) + \(xy^2\) + \(xz^2\) - \(x^2\)y - \(xyz\) - \(x^2\)z - y3
Đến dây ta thấy xuất hiện \(x^3\) - y3 khác với đề bài, em xem lại đề bài nhé
Bạn tham khảo lời giải tại đây:
cho các số thực dưong x,y,z thỏa mãn : x2 y2 z2=3chứng minh rằng : \(\dfrac{x}{\sqrt[3]{yz}} \dfrac{y}{\sqrt[3]{zx}} \df... - Hoc24
Cách khác:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM và BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\sum \frac{x}{\sqrt[3]{yz}}\geq \sum \frac{x}{\frac{y+z+1}{3}}=3\sum \frac{x}{y+z+1}=3\sum \frac{x^2}{xy+xz+x}\)
\(\geq 3. \frac{(x+y+z)^2}{2(xy+yz+xz)+(x+y+z)}\)
Ta sẽ chứng minh: \(\frac{3(x+y+z)^2}{2(xy+yz+xz)+(x+y+z)}\geq xy+yz+xz(*)\)
Đặt $x+y+z=a$ thì $xy+yz+xz=\frac{a^2-3}{2}$
Bằng BĐT AM-GM dễ thấy $\sqrt{3}< a\leq 3$
BĐT $(*)$ trở thành:
$\frac{3a^2}{a^2+a-3}\geq \frac{a^2-3}{2}$
$\Leftrightarrow a^4+a^3-12a^2-3a+9\leq 0$
$\Leftrightarrow (a-3)(a+1)(a^2+3a-3)\leq 0$
Điều này đúng với mọi $\sqrt{3}< a\leq 3$
Do đó BĐT $(*)$ đúng nên ta có đpcm.
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $x=y=z=1$
\(\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)\left(z^2+yz-x^2-xz\right)}=\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)\left[\left(z-x\right)\left(z+x\right)+y\left(z-x\right)\right]}=\dfrac{1}{\left(z-x\right)\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{1}{\left(y-z\right)\left(x^2+xz-y^2-yz\right)}=\dfrac{1}{\left(y-z\right)\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{\left(z-x\right)\left(y^2+xy-z^2-xz\right)}=\dfrac{1}{\left(z-x\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\dfrac{y-z-z+x-x+y}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)\left(x+y+z\right)}\\ M=\dfrac{2}{\left(x-y\right)\left(z-x\right)\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
Ta có: \(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)+z^3-3xyz\)
\(=\left[\left(x+y\right)^3+z^3\right]-\left[3xy\left(x+y\right)+3xyz\right]\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-z\left(x+y\right)+z^2\right]-\left[3xy\left(x+y+z\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+2xy+y^2-zx-zy+z^2\right)-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+2xy+y^2-zx-zy+z^2-3xy\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz\right)\)(đpcm)
Lời giải:
Từ điều kiện đề bài suy ra:
$\frac{x}{y}=\frac{y}{z}=\frac{z}{x}$
$\Rightarrow (\frac{x}{y})^3=(\frac{y}{z})^3=(\frac{z}{x})^3=\frac{x}{y}.\frac{y}{z}.\frac{z}{x}=1$
$\Rightarrow \frac{x}{y}=\frac{y}{z}=\frac{z}{x}=1$
$\Rightarrow x=y=z$.
Do đó:
$\frac{(x+y+z)^{2022}}{x^{337}.y^{674}.z^{1011}}=\frac{(3x)^{2022}}{x^{337}.x^{674}.x^{1011}}=\frac{3^{2022}.x^{2022}}{x^{2022}}=3^{2022}$
Lời giải:
Từ điều kiện đề bài suy ra:
$\frac{x}{y}=\frac{y}{z}=\frac{z}{x}$
$\Rightarrow (\frac{x}{y})^3=(\frac{y}{z})^3=(\frac{z}{x})^3=\frac{x}{y}.\frac{y}{z}.\frac{z}{x}=1$
$\Rightarrow \frac{x}{y}=\frac{y}{z}=\frac{z}{x}=1$
$\Rightarrow x=y=z$.
Do đó:
$\frac{(x+y+z)^{2022}}{x^{337}.y^{674}.z^{1011}}=\frac{(3x)^{2022}}{x^{337}.x^{674}.x^{1011}}=\frac{3^{2022}.x^{2022}}{x^{2022}}=3^{2022}$
\(x,y,z\ne0\)
-Ta c/m: -Với \(a+b+c=0\) thì: \(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc=\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a+b\right)c+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)=0.\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)=0\left(đpcm\right)\)
-Quay lại bài toán:
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=0\Rightarrow\dfrac{xy+yz+zx}{xyz}=0\Rightarrow xy+yz+zx=0\)
\(A=\dfrac{yz}{x^2}+\dfrac{zx}{y^2}+\dfrac{xy}{z^2}=\dfrac{y^3z^3+z^3x^3+x^3y^3}{x^2y^2z^2}=\dfrac{y^3z^3+z^3x^3+x^3y^3-3x^2y^2z^2+3x^2y^2z^2}{x^2y^2z^2}=\dfrac{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\left[x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2-xyz\left(x+y+z\right)\right]}{x^2y^2z^2}+3=\dfrac{0.\left[x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2-xyz\left(x+y+z\right)\right]}{x^2y^2z^2}+3=3\)
\(A=\dfrac{x}{xy+x+1}+\dfrac{xy}{x.yz+xy+x}+\dfrac{xy.z}{xy.xz+xy.z+xy}\)
\(=\dfrac{x}{xy+x+1}+\dfrac{xy}{1+xy+x}+\dfrac{1}{x+1+xy}\)
\(=\dfrac{x+xy+1}{xy+x+1}=1\)
Từ \(x\left(\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)+y\left(\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)+z\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)=-2\) ta có:
\(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x+xy^2+yz^2+zx^2+2xyz=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0\\y+z=0\\z+x=0\end{matrix}\right.\).
Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử x + y = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow x=-y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3=-y^3\).
Kết hợp với \(x^3+y^3+z^3=1\) ta có \(z^3=1\Leftrightarrow z=1\).
Vậy \(P=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{1}{-y}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{1}=1\).
\(\left(x+y+z\right)^2=x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2xz=x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)=\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)=a^2+b\)
\(\Rightarrow xy+yz+xz=\dfrac{a^2+b}{2}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{1}{c}\Rightarrow\dfrac{xy+yz+xz}{xyz}=\dfrac{1}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow xyz=c\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow xyz=\dfrac{\left(a^2+b\right)c}{2}\)
\(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz\right)+3xyz\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\right)+3xyz\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3=a\left(b-\dfrac{a^2+b}{2}\right)+3\dfrac{\left(a^2+b\right)c}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3=a\dfrac{\left(b-a^2\right)}{2}+3\dfrac{\left(a^2+b\right)c}{2}\)