CMR:\(\dfrac{a}{b}\)<\(\dfrac{a+1}{b+1}\) (với a,b \(\in\) \(ℤ\))
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\(\dfrac{a}{b}\) = \(\dfrac{c}{d}\)
\(\dfrac{a}{c}\) = \(\dfrac{b}{d}\)
\(\dfrac{a}{c}\) = \(\dfrac{5a}{5c}\) = \(\dfrac{3b}{3d}\) Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{c}\) = \(\dfrac{5a+3b}{5c+3d}\) (1)
\(\dfrac{a}{c}\) = \(\dfrac{5a-3b}{5c-3d}\) (2)
Kết hợp (1) và (2) ta có:
\(\dfrac{5a+3b}{5c+3d}\) = \(\dfrac{5a-3b}{5c-3d}\)
⇒ \(\dfrac{5a+3b}{5a-3b}\) = \(\dfrac{5c+3d}{5c-3d}\) (đpcm)
b; \(\dfrac{a}{b}\) = \(\dfrac{c}{d}\)
\(\dfrac{a}{b}\) = \(\dfrac{3a}{3b}\) = \(\dfrac{2c}{2d}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}\) = \(\dfrac{3a+2c}{3b+2d}\) (đpcm)
a, Ta có : \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\) ( cauchuy )
\(\Rightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2=\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{ab}=\dfrac{a}{ab}+\dfrac{b}{ab}=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\)
b, Ta có : \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\) ( cauchuy )
\(\Rightarrow ab\le\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\)
a.
\(\sum\dfrac{ab}{a+c+b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\sum\left(\dfrac{ab}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab}{b+c}\right)=\dfrac{a+b+c}{4}\)
2.
\(\dfrac{ab}{a+3b+2c}=\dfrac{ab}{a+b+2c+2b}\le\dfrac{ab}{9}\left(\dfrac{4}{a+b+2c}+\dfrac{1}{2b}\right)=4.\dfrac{ab}{a+b+2c}+\dfrac{a}{18}\)
Quay lại câu a
2: Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}=\dfrac{a\left(a+b+c\right)}{b+c}+\dfrac{b\left(a+b+c\right)}{c+a}+\dfrac{c\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b}-a-b-c=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\right)=a+b+c-a-b-c=0\)
1: Sửa đề: Cho \(x,y,z\ne0\) và \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{2}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{2}{2x+y+2z}\).
CM:....
Đặt 2x = x', 2z = z'.
Ta có: \(\dfrac{2}{x'}+\dfrac{2}{y}+\dfrac{2}{z'}=\dfrac{2}{x'+y+z'}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x'}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z'}=\dfrac{1}{x'+y+z'}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x'}-\dfrac{1}{x'+y+z'}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z'}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{y+z'}{x'\left(x'+y+z'\right)}+\dfrac{y+z'}{yz'}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(y+z'\right)\left(yz'+x'^2+x'y+x'z'\right)}{x'yz'\left(x'+y+z'\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x'+y\right)\left(y+z'\right)\left(z'+x'\right)}{x'yz'\left(x'+y+z'\right)}=0\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+y\right)\left(y+2z\right)\left(2z+2x\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+y\right)\left(y+2z\right)\left(z+x\right)=0\left(đpcm\right)\)
Lời giải:
Vì \(\frac{a}{c}=\frac{c}{b}=\frac{b}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{a^3}{c^3}=\frac{c^3}{b^3}=\frac{b^3}{d^3}=\frac{a^3+c^3-b^3}{c^3+b^3-d^3}(1)\) (theo tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau)
Mặt khác:
\(\frac{a}{c}=\frac{c}{b}=\frac{b}{d}\Rightarrow \frac{a}{c}.\frac{a}{c}.\frac{a}{c}=\frac{a}{c}.\frac{c}{b}.\frac{b}{d}\)
Hay \(\frac{a^3}{c^3}=\frac{a}{d}(2)\)
Từ \((1);(2)\Rightarrow \frac{a^3+c^3-b^3}{c^3+b^3-d^3}=\frac{a}{d}\) (đpcm)
1.
BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương:
\(\left(ab-1\right)\left(bc-1\right)\left(ca-1\right)\ge\left(a^2-1\right)\left(b^2-1\right)\left(c^2-1\right)\)
Ta có:
\(\left(ab-1\right)^2=a^2b^2-2ab+1=a^2b^2-a^2-b^2+1+a^2+b^2-2ab\)
\(=\left(a^2-1\right)\left(b^2-1\right)+\left(a-b\right)^2\ge\left(a^2-1\right)\left(b^2-1\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\left(bc-1\right)^2\ge\left(b^2-1\right)\left(c^2-1\right)\)
\(\left(ca-1\right)^2\ge\left(c^2-1\right)\left(a^2-1\right)\)
Do \(a;b;c\ge1\) nên 2 vế của các BĐT trên đều không âm, nhân vế với vế:
\(\left[\left(ab-1\right)\left(bc-1\right)\left(ca-1\right)\right]^2\ge\left[\left(a^2-1\right)\left(b^2-1\right)\left(c^2-1\right)\right]^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(ab-1\right)\left(bc-1\right)\left(ca-1\right)\ge\left(a^2-1\right)\left(b^2-1\right)\left(c^2-1\right)\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Câu 2 em kiểm tra lại đề có chính xác chưa
2.
Câu 2 đề thế này cũng làm được nhưng khá xấu, mình nghĩ là không thể chứng minh bằng Cauchy-Schwaz được, phải chứng minh bằng SOS
Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(c=max\left\{a;b;c\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)\ge0\) (1)
BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{a+b}{bc+a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{b+c}{ac+b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c}-\dfrac{c+a}{ab+c^2}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b\left(c-a\right)}{a^3+abc}+\dfrac{c\left(a-b\right)}{b^3+abc}+\dfrac{a\left(b-c\right)}{c^3+abc}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{c\left(b-a\right)+a\left(c-b\right)}{a^3+abc}+\dfrac{c\left(a-b\right)}{b^3+abc}+\dfrac{a\left(b-c\right)}{c^3+abc}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow c\left(b-a\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a^3+abc}-\dfrac{1}{b^3+abc}\right)+a\left(c-b\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a^3+abc}-\dfrac{1}{c^3+abc}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{c\left(b-a\right)\left(b^3-a^3\right)}{\left(a^3+abc\right)\left(b^3+abc\right)}+\dfrac{a\left(c-b\right)\left(c^3-a^3\right)}{\left(a^3+abc\right)\left(c^3+abc\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{c\left(b-a\right)^2\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}{\left(a^3+abc\right)\left(b^3+abc\right)}+\dfrac{a\left(c-b\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(a^2+ac+c^2\right)}{\left(a^3+abc\right)\left(c^3+abc\right)}\ge0\)
Đúng theo (1)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Có \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}< =>ad=bc\)
Xét \(\dfrac{a+c}{b+d}-\dfrac{a-c}{b-d}\)
= \(\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b-d\right)-\left(b+d\right)\left(a-c\right)}{\left(b+d\right)\left(b-d\right)}\)
= \(\dfrac{ab-ad+bc-cd-ab+bc-da+cd}{\left(b+d\right)\left(b-d\right)}\)
= 0
<=> \(\dfrac{a+c}{b+d}=\dfrac{a-c}{b-d}\)
\(\dfrac{a+b}{a-b}=\dfrac{c+d}{c-d}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}=\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}=\dfrac{a+b-a+b}{c+d-c+d}=\dfrac{2b}{2d}=\dfrac{b}{d}\left(1\right)\\ \dfrac{a+b}{c+d}=\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}=\dfrac{a+b+a-b}{c+d+c-d}=\dfrac{2a}{2c}=\dfrac{a}{c}\left(2\right)\\ \left(1\right)\left(2\right)\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
Đặt a/b=c/d=k
=>a=bk; c=dk
\(\dfrac{a+b}{a}=\dfrac{bk+b}{bk}=\dfrac{k+1}{k}\)
\(\dfrac{c+d}{c}=\dfrac{dk+d}{d}=\dfrac{k+1}{k}\)
=>(a+b)/a=(c+d)/c
Cho $a=3, b=2$ thì $\frac{a}{b}> \frac{a+1}{b+1}$ nhé. Bạn coi lại đề.