A=\(\dfrac{1}{5}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{5^2}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{5^3}\)+...+\(\dfrac{1}{5^{2016}}\). Chứng minh A\(\le\)\(\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Hãy nhập câu hỏi của bạn vào đây, nếu là tài khoản VIP, bạn sẽ được ưu tiên trả lời.
a: \(\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{23}{5}\cdot\dfrac{50}{23}< =x< =\dfrac{-13}{5}:\dfrac{21}{15}\)
=>-10<=x<=-13/7
hay \(x\in\left\{-10;-9;...;-2\right\}\)
b: \(\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{13}{3}\cdot\dfrac{1}{3}< =x< =-\dfrac{2}{3}\cdot\dfrac{-11}{12}\)
=>-13/9<=x<=11/18
hay \(x\in\left\{-1;0\right\}\)
Lời giải:
a) Ta thấy: \(a+b-2\sqrt{ab}=(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b})^2\geq 0, \forall a,b>0\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b\geq 2\sqrt{ab}>0\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a+b}\le \frac{1}{2\sqrt{ab}}\).
Vì $a> b$ nên dấu bằng không xảy ra . Tức \(\frac{1}{a+b}< \frac{1}{2\sqrt{ab}}\)
Ta có đpcm
b)
Áp dụng kết quả phần a:
\(\frac{1}{3}=\frac{1}{1+2}< \frac{1}{2\sqrt{2.1}}\)
\(\frac{1}{5}=\frac{1}{3+2}< \frac{1}{2\sqrt{2.3}}\)
\(\frac{1}{7}=\frac{1}{4+3}< \frac{1}{2\sqrt{4.3}}\)
.....
\(\frac{1}{4021}=\frac{1}{2011+2010}< \frac{1}{2\sqrt{2011.2010}}\)
Do đó:
\(\frac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}}{3}+\frac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{5}+...+\frac{\sqrt{2011}-\sqrt{2010}}{4021}\)
\(< \frac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}}{2\sqrt{2.1}}+\frac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{2\sqrt{3.2}}+\frac{\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}}{2\sqrt{4.3}}+....+\frac{\sqrt{2011}-\sqrt{2010}}{2\sqrt{2011.2010}}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2010}}-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2011}}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2011}}< \frac{1}{2}\) (đpcm)
1.
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\dfrac{a}{2a+a+b+c}=\dfrac{a}{25}.\dfrac{\left(2+3\right)^2}{2a+a+b+c}\le\dfrac{a}{25}\left(\dfrac{2^2}{2a}+\dfrac{3^2}{a+b+c}\right)=\dfrac{2}{25}+\dfrac{9}{25}.\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{b}{3b+a+c}\le\dfrac{2}{25}+\dfrac{9}{25}.\dfrac{b}{a+b+c}\)
\(\dfrac{c}{a+b+3c}\le\dfrac{2}{25}+\dfrac{9}{25}.\dfrac{c}{a+b+c}\)
Cộng vế:
\(VT\le\dfrac{6}{25}+\dfrac{9}{25}.\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{3}{5}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
2.
Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{x-1}=a;\dfrac{y}{y-1}=b;\dfrac{z}{z-1}=c\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{x}{x-1}=a\Rightarrow x=ax-a\Rightarrow a=x\left(a-1\right)\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{a}{a-1}\)
Tương tự ta có: \(y=\dfrac{b}{b-1}\) ; \(z=\dfrac{c}{c-1}\)
Biến đổi giả thiết:
\(xyz=1\Rightarrow\dfrac{abc}{\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow abc=\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca=a+b+c-1\)
BĐT cần chứng minh trở thành:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(a+b+c-1\right)\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c-1\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
\(A=\dfrac{\left(3+\dfrac{2}{15}+\dfrac{1}{5}\right):\dfrac{5}{2}}{\left(5+\dfrac{3}{7}-2-\dfrac{1}{4}\right):\left(4+\dfrac{43}{56}\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{10}{3}\cdot\dfrac{2}{5}}{\dfrac{89}{28}:\dfrac{267}{56}}=\dfrac{4}{3}:\dfrac{2}{3}=2\)
\(B=\dfrac{\dfrac{6}{5}:\left(\dfrac{6}{5}\cdot\dfrac{5}{4}\right)}{\dfrac{8}{25}+\dfrac{2}{25}}=\dfrac{\dfrac{6}{5}:\dfrac{3}{2}}{\dfrac{2}{5}}=2\)
Do đó: A=B
\(\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{2}{11}< \dfrac{x}{55}< \dfrac{2}{5}+\dfrac{1}{5}\)
\(\dfrac{11+10}{55}< \dfrac{x}{55}< \dfrac{3}{5}\)
\(\dfrac{21}{55}< \dfrac{x}{55}< \dfrac{33}{55}\)
Vậy \(x\in\left\{22;23;24;...\right\}\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{5^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{5^{2016}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{5}A=\dfrac{1}{5^2}+\dfrac{1}{5^3}+...+\dfrac{1}{5^{2017}}\)
\(\Rightarrow A-\dfrac{1}{5}A=\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{5^{2017}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{4A}{5}=\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{5^{2017}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{4.5^{2016}}< \dfrac{1}{4}\)
A = 1/5 + 1/52 + 1/53+ ......+1/52015 + 1/52016
5.A = 1+ 1/5 + 1/52 + 1/53+.......+ 1/52015
5A - A = 1 - 1/52015
4A = 1 - 1/52015
A = ( 1 - 1/52015): 4
A = 1/4 - 1/\(4.5^{2016}\) < 1/4