cho 200ml dd NaOH 1M tác dụng với 200ml dd feCl3 0,6M . tính
a) khối lượng kết tủa thu được
b) vdd sau phản ứng
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nFeCl3=0,1mol
nKOH=0,4mol
FeCl3+3KOH→Fe(OH)3↓+3KCl
-Tỉ lệ: 0,11<0,43→KOH dư
nFe(OH)3=nFeCl3=0,1mol
mFe(OH)3=0,1.107=10,7gam
2Fe(OH)3t0→Fe2O3+3H2O
nFe2O3=12nFe(OH)3=12.0,1=0,05mol
mFe2O3=0,05.160=8gam
nKCl=nKOH(pu)=3nFeCl3=0,3mol
nKOH(dư)=0,4−0,3=0,1mol
Vdd=0,1+0,4=0,5l
CMKOH=nv=0,10,5=0,2M
CMKCl=nv=0,30,5=0,6M
\(a,PTHH:3NaOH+FeCl_3\rightarrow3NaCl+Fe\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow\\ 2Fe\left(OH\right)_3\rightarrow^{t^o}Fe_2O_3+3H_2O\uparrow\\ b,n_{FeCl_3}=1,5\cdot0,2=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=3n_{FeCl_3}=0,9\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,9}{2}=0,45\left(l\right)\)
Theo đề: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}X:Fe\left(OH\right)_3\\A:NaCl\\Y:Fe_2O_3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo PT: \(n_{NaCl}=3n_{FeCl_3}=0,9\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{NaCl}}=\dfrac{0,9}{0,45+0,2}\approx1,4M\)
\(c,\) Theo PT: \(n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=n_{FeCl_3}=0,3\left(mol\right);n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_X=m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=0,3\cdot107=32,1\left(g\right)\\m_Y=m_{Fe_2O_3}=0,15\cdot160=24\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{MgCl_2}=0,15.0,2=0,03(mol)\\ PTHH:MgCl_2+2NaOH\to Mg(OH)_2\downarrow +2NaCl\\ a,n_{Mg(OH)_2}=n_{MgCl_2}=0,03(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{\downarrow}=m_{Mg(OH)_2}=0,03.58=1,74(g)\\ b,n_{NaOH}=2n_{MgCl_2}=0,06(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C_{M_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,06}{0,3}=0,2M\\ c,PTHH:Mg(OH)_2\xrightarrow{t^o}MgO+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{MgO}=n_{Mg(OH)_2}=0,03(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{A}=m_{MgO}=0,03.40=1,2(g)\)
\(n_{FeCl_3}=0.2\cdot0.4=0.08\left(mol\right)\)
\(FeCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\)
\(0.08...........0.24..............0.08\)
\(2Fe\left(OH\right)_3\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}Fe_2O_3+3H_2O\)
\(0.08...........0.04\)
\(m_{Fe_2O_3}=0.04\cdot160=6.4\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{dd_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0.24}{0.5}=0.48\left(l\right)\)
\(FeCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\) (1)
\(2Fe\left(OH\right)_3\rightarrow Fe_2O_3+3H_2O\) (2)
\(n_{FeCl_3}=0,2.0,4=0,08\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố Fe : \(n_{FeCl_3}=2n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,08\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{Fe_2O_3}=0,04.160=6,4\left(g\right)\)
Theo PT (1) : \(n_{NaOH}=3n_{FeCl_3}=0,08.3=0,24\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(V_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,24}{0,5}=0,48\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=0,5mol\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,02mol\)
MgCl2+2NaOH\(\rightarrow\)Mg(OH)2+2NaCl(1)
2NaOH+H2SO4\(\rightarrow\)Na2SO4+2H2O(2)
\(n_{NaOH\left(2\right)}=2n_{H_2SO_4}=0,04mol\)
\(n_{NaOH\left(1\right)}=0,5-n_{NaOH\left(2\right)}=0,5-0,04=0,46mol\)
\(n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH\left(1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,46=0,23mol\)
\(m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,23.58=13,34g\)
a, PT: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(MgCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Mg\left(OH\right)_{2\downarrow}\)
\(Mg\left(OH\right)_2\underrightarrow{t^o}MgO+H_2O\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{9,6}{24}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Mg}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,8}{0,2}=4\left(M\right)\)
c, Theo PT: \(n_{MgO}=n_{Mg}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{MgO}=0,4.40=16\left(g\right)\)
a. \(n_{NaOH}=0,2mol;n_{FeCl_3}=0,2.0,6=0,12mol\)
\(3NaOH+FeCl_3->3NaCl+Fe\left(OH\right)_3\)
Lập tỷ lệ \(\dfrac{n_{NaOH}}{3}=\dfrac{0.2}{3}< \dfrac{n_{FeCl_3}}{1}=0,12\) => FeCl3 còn dư
\(n_{kếttủa}=n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,2}{3}\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{kt}=\dfrac{0.2}{3}.107=7,13g\)
b. \(V_{ddspu}=200+200=400\left(mL\right)\)