tìm max của T với a*b*c=1
\(T=\frac{1}{a^3+b^3+1}+\frac{1}{b^3+c^3+1}+\frac{1}{a^3+c^3+1}\)
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Ta chứng minh BĐT \(x^3+y^3\ge xy\left(x+y\right)\) với x; y dương
Thật vậy, BĐT \(\Leftrightarrow x^3-x^2y+y^3-xy^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x-y\right)-y^2\left(x-y\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x+y\right)\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Áp dụng:
\(T=\sum\frac{1}{a^3+b^3+1}=\sum\frac{abc}{a^3+b^3+abc}\le\sum\frac{abc}{ab\left(a+b\right)+abc}=\sum\frac{abc}{ab\left(a+b+c\right)}=\sum\frac{c}{a+b+c}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow T_{max}=1\) khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Lời giải:
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT Cô -si ta có:
\(a^3+1+1\geq 3\sqrt[3]{a^3}=3a\)
\(b^3+1+1\geq 3\sqrt[3]{b^3}=3b\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(a^3+b^3+4\geq 3(a+b)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 6\geq 3(a+b)\Leftrightarrow a+b\leq 2\)
Vậy \((a+b)_{\max}=2\). Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=1\)
Bài 2:
Áp dụng BĐT Cô- si ta có:
\(\frac{a^3}{b+c}+\frac{b+c}{4}+\frac{1}{2}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^3}{8}}=\frac{3}{2}a\)
\(\frac{b^3}{c+a}+\frac{c+a}{4}+\frac{1}{2}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{b^3}{8}}=\frac{3}{2}b\)
\(\frac{c^3}{a+b}+\frac{a+b}{4}+\frac{1}{2}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{c^3}{8}}=\frac{3}{2}c\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(T+\frac{1}{2}(a+b+c)+\frac{3}{2}\geq \frac{3}{2}(a+b+c)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow T\geq a+b+c-\frac{3}{2}\)
Theo BĐT Cô-si: \(a+b+c\geq 3\sqrt[3]{abc}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow T\geq 3-\frac{3}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy \(T_{\min}=\frac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Bài 3:
Điều kiện đề bài tương đương với:
\(a\leq 1; b+2a\leq 4; 2c+3b+6a\leq 18\)
Ta có:
\(A=2\left (\frac{1}{6a}+\frac{1}{3b}+\frac{1}{2c}\right)+\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)+\frac{1}{2a}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\(\left(\frac{1}{6a}+\frac{1}{3b}+\frac{1}{2c}\right)(6a+3b+2c)\geq (1+1+1)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{6a}+\frac{1}{3b}+\frac{1}{2c}\geq \frac{9}{6a+3b+2c}\geq \frac{9}{18}=\frac{1}{2}\) (1)
\(\left(\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)(2a+b)\geq (1+1)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{b}\geq \frac{4}{2a+b}\geq \frac{4}{4}=1\) (2)
\(\frac{1}{2a}\geq \frac{1}{2.1}=\frac{1}{2}\) (3)
Từ (1)(2)(3) suy ra \(A\geq 2.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}.1+\frac{1}{2}=\frac{11}{6}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=1; b=2; c=3\)
Ta có:
\(7\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)=6\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)+2017\)
\(\Leftrightarrow7\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2=20\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)+2017\le\frac{20}{3}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2+2017\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\le\sqrt{6051}\)
Ta lại có:
\(T=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3\left(2a^2+b^2\right)}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3\left(2b^2+c^2\right)}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3\left(2c^2+a^2\right)}}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{2a+b}+\frac{1}{2b+c}+\frac{1}{2c+a}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{2}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{2}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{3}{a}+\frac{3}{b}+\frac{3}{c}\right)=\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\le\frac{\sqrt{6051}}{3}\)
Trước hết với các số dương x;y ta luôn có:
\(x^3+y^3=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+y^2-xy\right)\ge\left(x+y\right)\left(2xy-xy\right)=xy\left(x+y\right)\)
Đặt \(\left(a^2;b^2;c^2\right)=\left(x^3;y^3;z^3\right)\Rightarrow xyz=1\)
\(C=\frac{1}{1+x^3+y^3}+\frac{1}{1+y^3+z^3}+\frac{1}{1+z^3+x^3}\)
\(C\le\frac{xyz}{xyz+xy\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{xyz}{xyz+yz\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{xyz}{xyz+zx\left(z+x\right)}\)
\(C\le\frac{z}{x+y+z}+\frac{x}{x+y+z}+\frac{y}{x+y+z}=1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\) hay \(a=b=c=1\)
Câu 2)
Ta có \(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}\ge\frac{4}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{b+1+a+1}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}\ge\frac{4}{3}\)
Ta có \(a+b=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{3}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}\ge\frac{4}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{3}{\left(a+1\right)b+a+1}\ge\frac{4}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{3}{ab+b+a+1}\ge\frac{4}{3}\)
Ta có \(a+b=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{3}{ab+2}\ge\frac{4}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9\ge4\left(ab+2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow9\ge4ab+8\)
\(\Rightarrow1\ge4ab\)
Do \(a+b=1\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) (đpcm )
Câu 3)
Ta có \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge9\)
Mà \(a+b+c=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b+c}{a}+\frac{a+b+c}{b}+\frac{a+b+c}{c}\ge9\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô-si
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\\\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\sqrt[3]{abc}\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge9.\sqrt[3]{\frac{abc}{abc}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\) (điều này luôn luôn đúng)
\(\Rightarrow\) ĐPCM
Ta có BĐT sau: \(x^3+y^3\ge xy\left(x+y\right)\) với x, y > 0(dễ dàng chứng minh)
Áp dụng vào suy ra \(A\le\frac{1}{ab\left(a+b\right)+1}+\frac{1}{bc\left(b+c\right)+1}+\frac{1}{ca\left(c+a\right)+1}\)
\(A\le\frac{1}{ab\left(a+b\right)+abc}+\frac{1}{bc\left(b+c\right)+abc}+\frac{1}{ca\left(c+a\right)+abc}\)
\(=\frac{1}{ab\left(a+b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{bc\left(a+b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{ca\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\left(a+b+c\right)}\left(\frac{a+b+c}{abc}\right)=\frac{1}{abc}=1\) (rút thừa số chung 1/(a+b+c) ra rồi quy đồng và rút gọn)
Ta có BĐT sau: x3+y3≥xy(x+y) với x, y > 0(dễ dàng chứng minh)
Áp dụng vào suy ra A≤1ab(a+b)+1+1bc(b+c)+1+1ca(c+a)+1
A≤1ab(a+b)+abc+1bc(b+c)+abc+1ca(c+a)+abc
=1ab(a+b+c)+1bc(a+b+c)+1ca(a+b+c)
=1(a+b+c)(a+b+cabc)=1abc=1 (rút thừa số chung 1/(a+b+c) ra rồi quy đồng và rút gọn)
3 g) \(xyz=x+y+z+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)=\Sigma_{cyc}\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}=1\) .Đặt \(\frac{1}{x+1}=a;\frac{1}{y+1}=b;\frac{1}{z+1}=c\Rightarrow x=\frac{1-a}{a}=\frac{b+c}{a};y=\frac{c+a}{b};z=\frac{a+b}{c}\) vì a + b + c = 1.
Khi đó \(P=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{a^2}+2}}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a}{\sqrt{2a^2+\left(b+c\right)^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{2}{9}+\frac{4}{9}}.\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a}{\sqrt{\left[\left(\sqrt{\frac{2}{9}}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{\frac{4}{9}}\right)^2\right]\left[2a^2+\left(b+c\right)^2\right]}}\)
\(\le\sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a}{\sqrt{\left[\frac{2}{3}a+\frac{2}{3}b+\frac{2}{3}c\right]^2}}=\frac{\sqrt{6}}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)=\frac{\sqrt{6}}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=2\)
3c) Nhìn quen quen, chả biết có lời giải ở đâu hay chưa nhưng vẫn làm:D (Em ko quan tâm nha!)
\(P=3-\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{2xy^2}{xy^2+xy^2+1}\ge3-\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{2xy^2}{3\sqrt[3]{\left(xy^2\right)^2}}=3-\frac{2}{3}\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt[3]{\left(xy^2\right)}\)
\(\ge3-\frac{2}{3}\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{x+y+y}{3}=3-\frac{2}{3}\left(x+y+z\right)=3-2=1\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)