Cho S = \(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{16}\)
CMR: S \(\notin\) N
Hãy nhập câu hỏi của bạn vào đây, nếu là tài khoản VIP, bạn sẽ được ưu tiên trả lời.
Ta có :
\(S=\frac{3}{10}+\frac{3}{11}+\frac{3}{12}+\frac{3}{14}< \frac{3}{10}+\frac{3}{10}+\frac{3}{10}+\frac{3}{10}\)
\(\Rightarrow S< \frac{3.4}{10}\)
\(\Rightarrow S< \frac{6}{5}\)
Vì \(\frac{6}{5}< 2\)mà \(S< \frac{6}{5}\)nên \(S< 2\)( 1 )
Lại có :
\(S=\frac{3}{10}+\frac{3}{11}+\frac{3}{12}+\frac{3}{14}>\frac{3}{14}+\frac{3}{14}+\frac{3}{14}+\frac{3}{14}\)
\(\Rightarrow S>\frac{3.4}{14}\)
\(\Rightarrow S>\frac{6}{7}\)
Vì \(S>\frac{6}{7}\)nên \(S\ge1\)( 2 )
Do đề bài cần chứng minh \(1< S< 2\)nên ta sẽ chọn trường hợp lớn hơn
\(\Rightarrow1< S< 2\)( ĐPCM )
Từ đó suy ra : \(S\notinℕ\)
Ta có : \(S=\frac{3}{4}+\frac{8}{9}+\frac{15}{16}+...+\frac{9999}{10000}\)
\(=\left(1-\frac{1}{4}\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{9}\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{16}\right)+...+\left(1-\frac{1}{10000}\right)\)
\(=\left(1+1+1+...+1\right)-\left(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{9}+\frac{1}{15}+...+\frac{1}{10000}\right)\)
\(=99-\left(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{9}+\frac{1}{16}+...+\frac{1}{10000}\right)< 99\)
\(\Rightarrow\)S<99 (1)
Đặt \(A=\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{9}+\frac{1}{16}+...+\frac{1}{10000}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{100^2}\)
Ta có : \(\frac{1}{2^2}=\frac{1}{2.2}< \frac{1}{1.2}\)
\(\frac{1}{3^2}=\frac{1}{3.3}< \frac{1}{2.3}\)
\(\frac{1}{4^2}=\frac{1}{4.4}< \frac{1}{3.4}\)
...
\(\frac{1}{100^2}=\frac{1}{100.100}< \frac{1}{99.100}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{99.100}\)
\(A< 1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{99}-\frac{1}{100}\)
\(A< 1-\frac{1}{100}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow\)S>99-1=98 (2)
Từ (1) và (2)
\(\Rightarrow\)98<S<99
\(\Rightarrow\)S\(\notin\)N
Vậy S\(\notin\)N.
\(B=\frac{2}{2\sqrt{1}}+\frac{2}{2\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{2}{2\sqrt{100}}\)
\(\Rightarrow B< \frac{2}{2\sqrt{1}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{2}{\sqrt{99}+\sqrt{100}}\)
\(\Rightarrow B< 1+2\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+...+\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{99}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow B< 1+2\left(\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{1}\right)\Rightarrow B< 19\)
Tương tự:
\(B>\frac{2}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{2}{\sqrt{101}-\sqrt{100}}\)
\(\Rightarrow B>2\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+...+\sqrt{101}-\sqrt{100}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow B>2\left(\sqrt{101}-\sqrt{1}\right)>2\left(\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{1}\right)=18\)
\(\Rightarrow18< B< 19\Rightarrow B\) không phải là số tự nhiên
\(A=\frac{3}{1^2\cdot2^2}+\frac{5}{2^2\cdot3^2}+...+\frac{19}{9^2\cdot10^2}\\ A=\frac{3}{1\cdot4}+\frac{5}{4\cdot9}+...+\frac{19}{81\cdot100}\\ A=1-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{9}+...+\frac{1}{81}-\frac{1}{100}\\ A=1-\frac{1}{100}=\frac{99}{100}\)
Ta thấy \(0< \frac{99}{100}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow0< A< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow A\notin N\)
\(A=\frac{3}{1^2.2^2}+\frac{5}{2^2.3^2}+\frac{7}{3^2.4^2}+...+\frac{19}{9^2.10^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{2^2-1}{1^2.2^2}+\frac{3^2-2^2}{2^2.3^2}+\frac{4^2-3^2}{3^2.4^2}+...+\frac{10^2-9^2}{9^2.10^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{2^2}{1^2.2^2}-\frac{1^2}{1^2.2^2}+\frac{3^2}{2^2.3^2}-\frac{2^2}{2^2.3^2}+...+\frac{10^2}{9^2.10^2}-\frac{9^2}{9^2.10^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{1}{1^2}-\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^2}-\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{9^2}-\frac{1}{10^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{1}{1^2}-\frac{1}{10^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=1-\frac{1}{100}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{99}{100}.\)
Vì \(0< \frac{99}{100}< 1.\)
\(\Rightarrow0< A< 1.\)
\(\Rightarrow A\notin N\left(đpcm\right).\)
Chúc bạn học tốt!
\(S=\frac{3}{4}+\frac{8}{9}+\frac{15}{16}+...+\frac{n^2-1}{n^2}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{2^2}+1-\frac{1}{3^2}+1-\frac{1}{4^2}+...+1-\frac{1}{n^2}\)
\(=\left(1+1+1+...+1\right)+\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}\right)\)
\(=n+\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}\right)< n\left(1\right)\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{2^2}< \frac{1}{1.2}=1-\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{3^2}< \frac{1}{2.3}=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}\)
...........
\(\frac{1}{n^2}< \frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}=\frac{1}{n-1}-\frac{1}{n}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}< 1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{n-1}+\frac{1}{n}=1-\frac{1}{n}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+....+\frac{1}{n^2}\right)>-1\)
\(\Rightarrow S=n+\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}\right)>n+\left(-1\right)=n-1\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) => n - 1 < S < n
Mà n - 1 và n là 2 số liên tiếp
Vậy ....