Cho a,b,c là 3 số dương và \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{2}{b}\)
Chứng minh rằng : \(\frac{a+b}{2a-b}+\frac{c+b}{2c-b}\ge4\)
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từ cái đã cho suy ra được \(\frac{2a-b}{ab}=\frac{1}{c}\Rightarrow2a-b=\frac{ab}{c}\)
Chứng minh tương tự =>2c-b=bc/a
Đặt \(M=\frac{a+b}{2a-b}+\frac{c+b}{2c-b}=\frac{c\left(a+b\right)}{ab}+\frac{a\left(b+c\right)}{bc}\)
\(=c\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)+a\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(=\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}=\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)\ge4\)Cái này tự chứng minh nhé
Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c
Theo giả thiết: \(\frac{2}{b}=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{ac}}\Leftrightarrow b^2\le ac\Leftrightarrow\frac{ac}{b^2}\ge1\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{2}{b}\Leftrightarrow b\left(a+c\right)=2ac\Leftrightarrow2ac-bc=ab\Leftrightarrow2a-b=\frac{ab}{c}\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b}{2a-b}=\frac{a+b}{\frac{ab}{c}}=\frac{ac+bc}{ab}=\frac{c}{b}+\frac{c}{a}\)(1)
Tương tự: \(\frac{b+c}{2c-b}=\frac{a}{c}+\frac{a}{b}\)(2)
Cộng từng vế hai đẳng thức (1), (2) và áp dụng Cô - si, ta được: \(\frac{a+b}{2a-b}+\frac{b+c}{2c-b}\ge\frac{c}{b}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{a}{b}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\frac{ca}{b^2}}\ge4\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c
ta có \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{2}{b}\Rightarrow b=\frac{2ac}{a+c}\)
thay b vào\(\frac{a+b}{2a-b}+\frac{c+b}{2c-b}=\frac{a+3c}{2a}+\frac{c+3a}{2c}\)
\(=\frac{2ac+3\left(a^2+c^2\right)}{2ac}\ge\frac{2ac+6ac}{2ac}=4\)
Ta có: \(2a+b^2=2a\left(a+b+c\right)+b^2=b^2+2a^2+2ab+2ac\)
\(\ge4ab+2ac+a^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{2a+b^2}\le\frac{a}{4ab+2ac+a^2}=\frac{1}{4b+2c+a}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{49}.\frac{49}{4b+2c+a}=\frac{1}{49}.\frac{\left(4+2+1\right)^2}{4b+2c+a}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{49}\left(\frac{16}{4b}+\frac{4}{2c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)=\frac{1}{49}\left(\frac{4}{b}+\frac{2}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\)
CMTT: \(\frac{b}{2b+c^2}\le\frac{1}{49}\left(\frac{4}{c}+\frac{2}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right);\frac{c}{2c+a^2}\le\frac{1}{49}\left(\frac{4}{a}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{2a+b^2}+\frac{b}{2b+c^2}+\frac{c}{2c+a^2}\le\frac{1}{7}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)( đpcm )
Bài 1:
\(BDT\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\frac{3}{a+2b}}+\sqrt{\frac{3}{b+2c}}+\sqrt{\frac{3}{c+2a}}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c}}\ge\sqrt{3}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a+2b}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b+2c}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c+2a}}\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz và BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b}}\ge\frac{9}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{2}\cdot\sqrt{2b}}\ge\frac{9}{\sqrt{\left(1+2\right)\left(a+2b\right)}}=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{a+2b}}\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại ta cũng có:
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{b}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c}}\ge\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{b+2c}};\frac{1}{\sqrt{c}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}\ge\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{c+2a}}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(3\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c}}\right)\ge3\sqrt{3}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a+2b}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b+2c}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c+2a}}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c}}\ge\sqrt{3}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a+2b}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b+2c}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c+2a}}\right)\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Bài 2: làm mãi ko ra hình như đề sai, thử a=1/2;b=4;c=1/2
Bài 2/
\(\frac{bc}{a^2b+a^2c}+\frac{ca}{b^2c+b^2a}+\frac{ab}{c^2a+c^2b}\)
\(=\frac{b^2c^2}{a^2b^2c+a^2c^2b}+\frac{c^2a^2}{b^2c^2a+b^2a^2c}+\frac{a^2b^2}{c^2a^2b+c^2b^2a}\)
\(=\frac{b^2c^2}{ab+ac}+\frac{c^2a^2}{bc+ba}+\frac{a^2b^2}{ca+cb}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(bc+ca+ab\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)
\(\ge\frac{3\sqrt[3]{ab.bc.ca}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{2}{b}\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+c}{ac}=\frac{2}{b}\Rightarrow b=\frac{2ac}{a+c}\)
Khi đó:
\(\frac{a+b}{2a-b}+\frac{c+b}{2c-b}=\frac{a+\frac{2ac}{a+c}}{2a-\frac{2ac}{a+c}}+\frac{c+\frac{2ac}{a+c}}{2c-\frac{2ac}{a+c}}\)
\(=\frac{a\left(a+c\right)+2ac}{2a\left(a+c\right)-2ac}+\frac{c\left(a+c\right)+2ac}{2c\left(a+c\right)-2ac}\)
\(=\frac{a^2+3ac}{2a^2}+\frac{c^2+3ac}{2c^2}=\frac{a^2}{2a^2}+\frac{3ac}{2a^2}+\frac{c^2}{2c^2}+\frac{3ac}{2c^2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{3c}{2a}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{3a}{2c}=1+\frac{3}{2}\left(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)\)
\(\ge1+\frac{3}{2}\cdot2\sqrt{\frac{a}{c}\cdot\frac{c}{a}}=1+3=4\) (Cauchy)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(a=b=c\)