Cho ba số thực dương: a, b, c ≤ 1 thỏa mãn: a 1 - b 2 + b 1 - c 2 + c 1 - a 2 = 3 2 . Chọn câu đúng.
A. a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 3 2
B. a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 3
C. a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 1 2
D. a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 2 3
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Đặt \(a=\dfrac{yz}{x^2};b=\dfrac{zx}{y^2};c=\dfrac{xy}{z^2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT BSC:
\(\dfrac{1}{a^2+a+1}+\dfrac{1}{b^2+b+1}+\dfrac{1}{c^2+c+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^4}{x^4+x^2yz+y^2z^2}+\dfrac{y^4}{y^4+y^2zx+z^2x^2}+\dfrac{z^4}{z^4+z^2xy+x^2y^2}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{x^4+y^4+z^4+x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2+xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
Ta cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{x^4+y^4+z^4+x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2+xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2\ge x^4+y^4+z^4+x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2+xyz\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2-xy.yz-yz.zx-zx.xy\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(xy-yz\right)^2+\left(yz-zx\right)^2+\left(zx-xy\right)^2\ge0,\forall x,y,z\)
\(\Rightarrow dpcm\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
$(a^2+b^2+c^2)(1+1+1)\geq (a+b+c)^2$
$\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\geq \frac{(a+b+c)^2}{3}$
$\Rightarrow (a^2+b^2+c^2)^3\geq \frac{(a+b+c)^6}{27}$
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si: $a+b+c\geq 3\sqrt[3]{abc}=3$
$\Rightarrow (a^2+b^2+c^2)^3\geq \frac{(a+b+c)^6}{27}\geq \frac{(a+b+c).3^5}{27}=9(a+b+c)$
Ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=1$
Cần c/m: \(\sqrt{a+b}+\sqrt{b+c}+\sqrt{c+a}\ge3\sqrt{2}\)
Mặt khác \(\left(\sqrt{a+b}+\sqrt{b+c}+\sqrt{c+a}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a+b}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b+c}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c+a}}\right)\ge9\)
Nên ta chỉ cần c/m \(P=\frac{1}{\sqrt{a+b}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b+c}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c+a}}\le\frac{9}{3\sqrt{2}}=\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
Ta có
\(P.\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right).2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{\left(b+c\right).2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{\left(c+a\right).2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{1}{a+b}}.\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}+\sqrt{\frac{1}{b+c}}.\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}+\sqrt{\frac{1}{c+a}}.\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{2}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{2}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)+\frac{3}{4}\le\frac{1}{8}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)+\frac{3}{4}\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+\frac{3}{4}=\frac{1}{4}.3+\frac{3}{4}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Suy ra \(P\le\frac{3}{2}:\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}=\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
BĐT được c/m
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
1 .
Từ gt : \(2ab+6bc+2ac=7abc\)và \(a,b,c>0\)
Chia cả hai vế cho abc > 0
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2}{c}+\frac{6}{a}+\frac{2}{b}=7\)
Đặt \(x=\frac{1}{a},y=\frac{1}{b},z=\frac{1}{c}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x,y,z>0\\2z+6x+2y=7\end{cases}}\)
Khi đó : \(C=\frac{4ab}{a+2b}+\frac{9ac}{a+4c}+\frac{4bc}{b+c}\)
\(=\frac{4}{2x+y}+\frac{9}{4x+z}+\frac{4}{y+z}\)
\(\Rightarrow C=\frac{4}{2x+y}+2x+y+\frac{9}{4x+z}+4x+z+\frac{4}{y+z}+y+z\)\(-\left(2x+y+4x+z+y+z\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{2}{\sqrt{x+2y}}-\sqrt{x+2y}\right)^2+\left(\frac{3}{\sqrt{4x+z}}-\sqrt{4x+z}\right)^2\)\(+\left(\frac{2}{\sqrt{y+z}}-\sqrt{y+z}\right)^2+17\ge17\)
Khi \(x=\frac{1}{2},y=z=1\)thì \(C=17\)
Vậy GTNN của C là 17 khi a =2; b =1; c = 1
2 .
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy ta có :\(1+b^2\ge2b\)nên
\(\frac{a+1}{1+b^2}=\left(a+1\right)-\frac{b^2\left(a+1\right)}{b^2+1}\)
\(\ge\left(a+1\right)-\frac{b^2\left(a+1\right)}{2b}=a+1-\frac{ab+b}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+1}{1+b^2}\ge a+1-\frac{ab+b}{2}\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự ta có:
\(\frac{b+1}{1+c^2}\ge b+1-\frac{bc+c}{2}\left(2\right)\)
\(\frac{c+1}{1+a^2}\ge c+1-\frac{ca+a}{2}\left(3\right)\)
Cộng vế theo vế (1), (2) và (3) ta được:
\(\frac{a+1}{1+b^2}+\frac{b+1}{1+c^2}+\frac{c+1}{1+a^2}\ge3+\frac{a+b+c-ab-bc-ca}{2}\left(^∗\right)\)
Mặt khác : \(3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\le\left(a+b+c\right)^2=9\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b+c-ab-bc-ca}{2}\ge0\)
Nên \(\left(^∗\right)\) \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+1}{1+b^2}+\frac{b+1}{1+c^2}+\frac{c+1}{1+a^2}\ge3\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Chúc bạn học tốt !!!
Ta có:
\(\frac{a+1}{1+b^2}=a+1-\frac{\left(a+1\right)b^2}{1+b^2}\ge a+1-\frac{\left(a+1\right)b^2}{2b}=a+1-\frac{ab+b}{2}\left(1\right)\)
Tương tụ ta có:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{\left(b+1\right)}{1+c^2}\ge b+1-\frac{bc+c}{2}\left(2\right)\\\frac{\left(c+1\right)}{1+a^2}\ge c+1-\frac{ca+a}{2}\left(3\right)\end{cases}}\)
Từ (1), (2), (3) ta có:
\(M\ge a+b+c+3-\frac{ab+bc+ca+a+b+c}{2}\)
\(=3+3-\frac{ab+bc+ca+3}{2}\)
\(\ge\frac{9}{2}-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{6}=3\)