cho x, y, z thỏa mãn \(\ge0\) thỏa mãn x2+y2+z2=2. Chứng minh \(\frac{x^2}{x^2+yz+z+1}+\frac{y+z}{x+y+z+1}+\frac{1}{xyz+3}\le1\)
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Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM, ta được: \(2yz+2=x^2+\left(y^2+2yz+z^2\right)=x^2+\left(y+z\right)^2\ge2\sqrt{x^2.\left(y+z\right)^2}=2x\left(y+z\right)\Rightarrow yz+1\ge x\left(y+z\right)\)\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{x^2}{x^2+x+x\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{y+z}{x+y+z+1}+\frac{1}{xyz+3}=\frac{x+y+z}{x+y+z+1}+\frac{1}{xyz+3}\)
- Nếu \(x+y+z\le2\)thì \(VT\le1-\frac{1}{x+y+z+1}+\frac{1}{xyz+3}\le1-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}=1\)
- Nếu \(x+y+z\ge2\), ta đặt x + y + z = p; xy + yz + zx = q; xyz = r thì áp dụng bất đẳng thức Schur, ta được \(VT\le\frac{p}{p+1}+\frac{1}{\frac{p\left(4q-p^2\right)}{9}+3}=\frac{p}{p+1}+\frac{9}{p^3-4p+27}\)
Khảo sát hàm trên với \(p\in\left[\sqrt{2};2\right]\)ta cũng có \(VT\le1\)
Vậy ta có: \(\frac{x^2}{x^2+yz+x+1}+\frac{y+z}{x+y+z+1}+\frac{1}{xyz+3}\le1\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = 1; z = 0
\(\frac{x^2}{y+1}+\frac{y+1}{4}\ge x;\frac{y^2}{z+1}+\frac{z+1}{4}\ge y;\frac{z^2}{x+1}+\frac{x+1}{4}\ge z\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\frac{3}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)-\frac{3}{4}\ge\frac{3}{4}.2=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\dfrac{x-y}{z^2+1}=\dfrac{x-y}{z^2+xy+yz+zx}=\dfrac{x-y}{z\left(z+y\right)+x\left(z+y\right)}=\dfrac{x-y}{\left(x+z\right)\left(z+y\right)}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{y-z}{x^2+1}=\dfrac{y-z}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}\);\(\dfrac{z-x}{y^2+1}=\dfrac{z-x}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}\)
Cộng vế với vế \(\Rightarrow VT=\dfrac{x-y}{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\dfrac{y-z}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\dfrac{z-x}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)+\left(y-z\right)\left(y+z\right)+\left(z-x\right)\left(z+x\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^2-y^2+y^2-z^2+z^2-x^2}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}=0\)(đpcm)
Ta có:\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}=\frac{\sqrt{yz}}{\sqrt{yz+x^2yz}}=\frac{\sqrt{yz}}{\sqrt{yz+x\left(x+y+z\right)}}=\sqrt{\frac{yz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}=\sqrt{\frac{zx}{\left(y+z\right)\left(y+x\right)}}\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}=\sqrt{\frac{xy}{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT=\sqrt{\frac{yz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{zx}{\left(y+z\right)\left(y+x\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{xy}{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{y}{x+y}+\frac{z}{x+z}+\frac{z}{y+z}+\frac{x}{x+y}+\frac{x}{x+z}+\frac{y}{z+y}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)