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Ta có: \(x+y+z=xyz\Rightarrow x=\frac{x+y+z}{yz}\Rightarrow x^2=\frac{x^2+xy+xz}{yz}\Rightarrow x^2+1=\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}{yz}\)\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2+1}=\sqrt{\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}{yz}}\le\frac{\frac{x+y}{y}+\frac{x+z}{z}}{2}=1+\frac{x}{2}\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{1+\sqrt{1+x^2}}{x}\le\frac{2+\frac{x}{2}\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)}{x}=\frac{2}{x}+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{1+\sqrt{1+y^2}}{y}\le\frac{2}{y}+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{x}\right)\); \(\frac{1+\sqrt{1+z^2}}{z}\le\frac{2}{z}+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)
Cộng theo vế ba bất đẳng thức trên, ta được: \(\frac{1+\sqrt{1+x^2}}{x}+\frac{1+\sqrt{1+y^2}}{y}+\frac{1+\sqrt{1+z^2}}{z}\le3\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=3.\frac{xy+yz+zx}{xyz}\)\(\le3.\frac{\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}}{xyz}=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{xyz}=\frac{\left(xyz\right)^2}{xyz}=xyz\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\sqrt{3}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM, ta được: \(2yz+2=x^2+\left(y^2+2yz+z^2\right)=x^2+\left(y+z\right)^2\ge2\sqrt{x^2.\left(y+z\right)^2}=2x\left(y+z\right)\Rightarrow yz+1\ge x\left(y+z\right)\)\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{x^2}{x^2+x+x\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{y+z}{x+y+z+1}+\frac{1}{xyz+3}=\frac{x+y+z}{x+y+z+1}+\frac{1}{xyz+3}\)
- Nếu \(x+y+z\le2\)thì \(VT\le1-\frac{1}{x+y+z+1}+\frac{1}{xyz+3}\le1-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}=1\)
- Nếu \(x+y+z\ge2\), ta đặt x + y + z = p; xy + yz + zx = q; xyz = r thì áp dụng bất đẳng thức Schur, ta được \(VT\le\frac{p}{p+1}+\frac{1}{\frac{p\left(4q-p^2\right)}{9}+3}=\frac{p}{p+1}+\frac{9}{p^3-4p+27}\)
Khảo sát hàm trên với \(p\in\left[\sqrt{2};2\right]\)ta cũng có \(VT\le1\)
Vậy ta có: \(\frac{x^2}{x^2+yz+x+1}+\frac{y+z}{x+y+z+1}+\frac{1}{xyz+3}\le1\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = 1; z = 0
Nếu x; y; z là các số nguyên dương mà x y z = 1 => x = y = z = 1
=> bất đẳng thức luôn xảy ra dấu bằng
Sửa đề 1 chút cho z; y; x là các số dương
Ta có: \(\frac{x^2}{y+1}+\frac{y+1}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x^2}{y+1}.\frac{y+1}{4}}=x\)
=> \(\frac{x^2}{y+1}\ge x-\frac{y+1}{4}\)
Tương tự:
\(\frac{x^2}{y+1}+\frac{y^2}{z+1}+\frac{z^2}{z+1}\ge x+y+z-\frac{y+1}{4}-\frac{z+1}{4}-\frac{x+1}{4}\)
\(=\frac{3}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)-\frac{3}{4}\ge\frac{3}{4}.3\sqrt[3]{xyz}-\frac{3}{4}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x = y = z = 1
\(x^4y+x^2y-x^2y=x^2y\left(x^2+1\right)-x^2y.\)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{x^2y\left(x^2+1\right)-x^2y}{\left(x^2+1\right)}=x^2y-\frac{x^2y}{\left(x^2+1\right)}\\\frac{y^2z\left(y^2+1\right)-y^2z}{\left(y^2+1\right)}=y^2z-\frac{y^2z}{\left(y^2+1\right)}\\\frac{z^2x\left(z^2+1\right)-z^2x}{\left(z^2+1\right)}=z^2x-\frac{z^2x}{\left(z^2+1\right)}\end{cases}}Vt\ge x^2y+y^2z+z^2x-\left(\frac{x^2y}{x^2+1}+\frac{y^2z}{y^2+1}+\frac{z^2x}{z^2+1}\right)\)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}x^2+1\ge2x\\y^2+1\ge2y\\z^2+1\ge2z\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}-\frac{x^2y}{x^2+1}\ge\frac{x^2y}{2x}=\frac{xy}{2}\\\frac{y^2z}{2y}=\frac{yz}{2}\\\frac{z^2x}{2z}=\frac{xz}{2}\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}VT\ge x^2y+y^2z+z^2x-\left(\frac{xy+yz+zx}{2}\right)}\)
\(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x\ge3\sqrt[3]{x^3y^3z^3}=3\)
\(VT\ge3-\frac{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{2}\)
t chỉ làm dc đến đây thôi :))
Từ \(VT\ge x^2y+y^2z+z^2x-\left(\frac{xy+yz+zx}{2}\right)\)ta có:
\(x^2y+x^2y+y^2z=x^2y+x^2y+\frac{y}{x}\ge3xy\)(áp dụng BĐT Cauchy)
Tương tự : \(y^2z+y^2z+z^2x\ge3yz\); \(z^2x+z^2x+x^2y\ge3zx\)
Cộng vế theo vế suy ra : \(3\left(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x\right)\ge3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2y+y^2z+z^2x\ge xy+yz+zx\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\frac{xy+yz+zx}{2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt[3]{x^2y^2z^2}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1
\(\frac{1}{x^3\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{1}{y^3\left(z+x\right)}+\frac{1}{z^3\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(=\frac{y^2z^2}{x\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{z^2x^2}{y\left(z+x\right)}+\frac{x^2y^2}{z\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\frac{xy+yz+zx}{2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt[3]{x^2y^2z^2}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Ta có :
\(\frac{1+\sqrt{1+x^2}}{x}=\frac{2+\sqrt{4\left(1+x^2\right)}}{2x}\le\frac{2+\frac{4+1+x^2}{2}}{2x}=\frac{9+x^2}{4x}\)
tương tự : \(\frac{1+\sqrt{1+y^2}}{y}\le\frac{9+y^2}{4y}\); \(\frac{1+\sqrt{1+z^2}}{z}\le\frac{9+z^2}{4z}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1+\sqrt{1+x^2}}{x}+\frac{1+\sqrt{1+y^2}}{y}+\frac{1+\sqrt{1+z^2}}{z}\le\frac{\left(9+x^2\right)yz+\left(9+y^2\right)xz+\left(9+z^2\right)xy}{4xyz}\)
\(=\frac{9\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}{4xyz}\le\frac{9\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}+\left(xyz\right)^2}{4xyz}=\frac{4\left(xyz\right)^2}{4xyz}=xyz\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi x = y = z = \(\sqrt{3}\)
\(\frac{1}{x^2+2y^2+3}+\frac{1}{y^2+2z^2+3}+\frac{1}{z^2+2x^2+3}\)
= \(\frac{1}{x^2+y^2+y^2+1+2}+\frac{1}{y^2+z^2+z^2+1+2}+\frac{1}{z^2+x^2+x^2+1+2}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{2xy+2y+2}+\frac{1}{2yz+2z+2}+\frac{1}{2zx+2x+2}\)
= \(\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{xy+y+1}+\frac{1}{yz+z+1}+\frac{1}{zx+x+1}\right)\)
= \(\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{zx}{xyzx+yzx+zx}+\frac{x}{yzx+zx+x}+\frac{1}{zx+x+1}\right)\)
= \(\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{zx}{x+1+zx}+\frac{x}{1+zx+x}+\frac{1}{zx+x+1}\right)\)
= 1/2
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x = y =z =1
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:\(\hept{\begin{cases}x^2+y^2\ge2xy\\y^2+1\ge2y\end{cases}\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x^2+2y^2+3}\le\frac{1}{2xy+2y+2}}\)
Tương tự ta cũng có
\(\frac{1}{y^2+2x^2+3}\le\frac{1}{2yz+2z+2};\frac{1}{z^2+2x^2+3}\le\frac{1}{2xz+2x+2}\)
Do đó ta có:\(VT\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{xy+y+1}+\frac{1}{yz+z+1}+\frac{1}{zx+x+1}\right)\)
Mặt khác, do xyz=1 nên ta có:
\(\frac{1}{xy+y+1}+\frac{1}{yz+z+1}+\frac{1}{zx+x+1}=\frac{1}{xy+y+1}+\frac{y}{xy+y+1}+\frac{xy}{xy+y+1}\)
\(=\frac{xy+y+1}{xy+y+1}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{1}{2}\). Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x=y=z=1
Anh/chị tham khảo ở đây ạ: Câu hỏi của Nguyễn Linh Chi - Toán lớp 8