Chứng minh rằng : \(\dfrac{x^8+y^8+z^8}{x^3 y^3 z^3}\) ≥ \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z} \) với x, y ,z > 0 .
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\(\left(3^x;3^y;3^z\right)=\left(a;b;c\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a;b;c>0\\ab+bc+ca=abc\end{matrix}\right.\)
BĐT cần chứng minh trở thành:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{a+bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{b+ca}+\dfrac{c^2}{c+ab}\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{4}\)
Thật vậy, ta có:
\(VT=\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+abc}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+abc}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+abc}\)
\(VT=\dfrac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{b^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c^3}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)
Áp dụng AM-GM:
\(\dfrac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{a+b}{8}+\dfrac{a+c}{8}\ge\dfrac{3a}{4}\)
Làm tương tự với 2 số hạng còn lại, cộng vế với vế rồi rút gọn, ta sẽ có đpcm
Có VT = \(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}}=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2-\dfrac{2}{xy}-\dfrac{2}{yz}-\dfrac{2}{zx}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2-\dfrac{2}{xyz}\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}=\left|\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right|=VP\) (Vì x + y + z = 0)
Trước hết, ta đi chứng minh một bổ đề sau: Nếu \(a+b+c=0\) thì \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\). Thật vậy, ta phân tích
\(P=a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc\)
\(P=\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc\)
\(P=\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(a+b\right)c+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(P=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\).
Hiển nhiên nếu \(a+b+c=0\) thì \(P=0\) hay \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\), bổ đề được chứng minh.
Do \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=0\) nên áp dụng bổ đề, ta được \(\dfrac{1}{x^3}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}=\dfrac{3}{xyz}\).
Vì vậy \(\dfrac{yz}{x^2}+\dfrac{zx}{y^2}+\dfrac{xy}{z^2}=\dfrac{xyz}{x^3}+\dfrac{xyz}{y^3}+\dfrac{xyz}{z^3}\) \(=xyz\left(\dfrac{1}{x^3}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}\right)\) \(=xyz.\dfrac{3}{xyz}=3\). Ta có đpcm
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2\ge3\left(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{yz}+\dfrac{1}{xz}\right)=\dfrac{3\left(x+y+z\right)}{xyz}\Rightarrow x+y+z\ge\dfrac{3}{xyz}\)
\(x+y+z=\dfrac{x+y+z}{3}+\dfrac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{3}\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)+\dfrac{2}{3}.\dfrac{3}{xyz}\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{9}{x+y+z}\right)+\dfrac{2}{xyz}=\dfrac{3}{x+y+z}+\dfrac{2}{xyz}\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(dấu"="xảy\) \(ra\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
Ta có:
\(VT=2+\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{x}{z}+\dfrac{z}{x}\)
Do đó ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{z}{x}+\dfrac{x}{z}\ge\dfrac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{x}{y}+1\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}}\)
Tương tự ...
Cộng lại ta có:
\(2\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{z}{x}+\dfrac{x}{z}\right)+6\ge3\left(\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y^2}{z^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{z^2}{y^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{z^2}{x^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^2}{z^2}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{z}{x}+\dfrac{x}{z}\ge\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y^2}{z^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{z^2}{y^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{z^2}{x^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^2}{z^2}}\)
Do đó ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y^2}{z^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{z^2}{y^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{z^2}{x^2}}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^2}{z^2}}\ge\dfrac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x}{y}}-\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x}{z}}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y}{x}}-\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y}{z}}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{z}{x}}-\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{z}{y}}\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Cái bài này bình thường :v
Đặt \(A=\dfrac{x^3}{y^3+8}+\dfrac{y^3}{z^3+8}+\dfrac{z^3}{x^3+8}\)
\(BDT\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^3}{y^3+8}+\dfrac{y^3}{z^3+8}+\dfrac{z^3}{x^3+8}-\dfrac{2}{27}\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\ge\dfrac{1}{9}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\dfrac{x^3}{y^3+8}+\dfrac{y+2}{27}+\dfrac{y^2-2y+4}{27}\)
\(\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^3}{y^3+8}\cdot\dfrac{y+2}{27}\cdot\dfrac{y^2-2y+4}{27}}=\dfrac{x}{3}\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại cũng có:
\(\dfrac{y^3}{z^3+8}+\dfrac{z+2}{27}+\dfrac{z^2-2z+4}{27}\ge\dfrac{y}{3};\dfrac{z^3}{x^3+8}+\dfrac{x+2}{27}+\dfrac{x^2-2x+4}{27}\ge\dfrac{z}{3}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(A+\dfrac{x+y+z+6}{27}+\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2-2\left(x+y+z\right)+12}{27}\ge\dfrac{x+y+z}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A+\dfrac{9}{27}+\dfrac{\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}+6}{27}\ge1\)\(\Leftrightarrow A\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Cần chứng minh \(VT=A-\dfrac{2}{27}\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\ge\dfrac{1}{9}=VP\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT=\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{2\cdot\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}}{27}=\dfrac{1}{9}=VP\) (đúng)
Xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)
P/s:Trình bày hơi khó hiểu, thông cảm :v
Áp dụng tc dtsbn:
\(\dfrac{x}{2013}=\dfrac{y}{2014}=\dfrac{z}{2015}=\dfrac{x-z}{-2}=\dfrac{y-z}{-1}=\dfrac{x-y}{-1}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-z}{2}=\dfrac{y-z}{1}=\dfrac{x-y}{1}\\ \Leftrightarrow x-z=2\left(y-z\right)=2\left(x-y\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-z\right)^3=8\left(x-y\right)^3=8\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x-y\right)=8\left(x-y\right)^2\left(y-z\right)\)
\(x^8+x^8+y^8+y^8+y^8+z^8+z^8+z^8\ge8\sqrt[8]{x^{16}y^{24}z^{24}}=8x^2y^3z^3\)
Tương tự: \(3x^8+2y^8+3z^8\ge8x^3y^2z^3\)
\(3x^8+3y^8+2z^8\ge8x^3y^3z^2\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(8\left(x^8+y^8+z^8\right)\ge8\left(x^2y^3z^3+x^3y^2z^3+x^3y^3z^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^8+y^8+z^8}{x^3y^3z^3}\ge\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\)