Cho S = 3/4+8/9/15/16+24/25+...+9999/10000
CMR: S không phải số nguyên.
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Do S = \(\frac{3}{4}+\frac{8}{9}+...+\frac{2499}{2500}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)S = \(\left(1-\frac{1}{2^2}\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{3^2}\right)+...+\left(1-\frac{1}{50^2}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\)S=(1+1+1+...+1) - \(\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{50^2}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\)S=49-\(\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{50^2}\right)\)
Dễ thấy:\(\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{50^2}\right)\)không phải là số tự nhiên
\(\Rightarrow\)S\(\notin N\)
a; \(\dfrac{2}{5}\) x \(\dfrac{3}{4}\) + \(\dfrac{6}{15}\) : \(\dfrac{4}{9}\) x 5
= \(\dfrac{3}{10}\) + \(\dfrac{2}{5}\) x \(\dfrac{9}{4}\) x 5
= \(\dfrac{3}{10}\) + \(\dfrac{9}{10}\) x 5
= \(\dfrac{3}{10}\) + \(\dfrac{45}{10}\)
= \(\dfrac{48}{10}\)
= \(\dfrac{24}{5}\)
b; \(\dfrac{25}{12}\) x \(\dfrac{18}{35}\) x \(\dfrac{63}{24}\)
= \(\dfrac{15}{14}\) x \(\dfrac{63}{24}\)
= \(\dfrac{45}{16}\)
c; 4\(\dfrac{1}{2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{2}\) : 5\(\dfrac{1}{2}\)
= \(\dfrac{9}{2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{2}\) : \(\dfrac{11}{2}\)
= \(\dfrac{9}{2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{11}\)
= \(\dfrac{99}{22}\) + \(\dfrac{2}{22}\)
= \(\dfrac{101}{22}\)
Ta có : \(S=\frac{3}{4}+\frac{8}{9}+\frac{15}{16}+...+\frac{9999}{10000}\)
\(=\left(1-\frac{1}{4}\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{9}\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{16}\right)+...+\left(1-\frac{1}{10000}\right)\)
\(=\left(1+1+1+...+1\right)-\left(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{9}+\frac{1}{15}+...+\frac{1}{10000}\right)\)
\(=99-\left(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{9}+\frac{1}{16}+...+\frac{1}{10000}\right)< 99\)
\(\Rightarrow\)S<99 (1)
Đặt \(A=\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{9}+\frac{1}{16}+...+\frac{1}{10000}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{100^2}\)
Ta có : \(\frac{1}{2^2}=\frac{1}{2.2}< \frac{1}{1.2}\)
\(\frac{1}{3^2}=\frac{1}{3.3}< \frac{1}{2.3}\)
\(\frac{1}{4^2}=\frac{1}{4.4}< \frac{1}{3.4}\)
...
\(\frac{1}{100^2}=\frac{1}{100.100}< \frac{1}{99.100}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{99.100}\)
\(A< 1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{99}-\frac{1}{100}\)
\(A< 1-\frac{1}{100}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow\)S>99-1=98 (2)
Từ (1) và (2)
\(\Rightarrow\)98<S<99
\(\Rightarrow\)S\(\notin\)N
Vậy S\(\notin\)N.
\(S=\frac{3}{4}+\frac{8}{9}+\frac{15}{16}+......+\frac{9999}{10000}\)
\(=\left(1-\frac{1}{4}\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{9}\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{16}\right)+.......+\left(1-\frac{1}{10000}\right)\)
\(=\left(1+1+.....+1\right)-\left(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{9}+\frac{1}{16}+.....+\frac{1}{10000}\right)\)
\(=99-\left(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{9}+\frac{1}{16}+.......+\frac{1}{10000}\right)\)( số các chữ số 1 bằng căn bậc 2 của mẫu rồi trừ đi 1 )
Đặt \(A=\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{9}+.........+\frac{1}{10000}\)
Ta có: \(4=2.2< 2.3\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{4}>\frac{1}{2.3}\)
Tương tự ta có: \(\frac{1}{9}>\frac{1}{3.4}\); ........ ; \(\frac{1}{10000}>\frac{1}{100.101}\)
\(\Rightarrow A>\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+.....+\frac{1}{100.101}\)\(=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+.....+\frac{1}{100}-\frac{1}{101}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{101}=\frac{99}{202}\)
Ta lại có: \(4=2.2>1.2\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{4}< \frac{1}{1.2}\)
Tương tự ta được: \(\frac{1}{9}< \frac{1}{2.3}\); ......... ; \(\frac{1}{10000}< \frac{1}{99.100}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+.....+\frac{1}{100.101}\)\(=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+......+\frac{1}{99}-\frac{1}{100}=1-\frac{1}{100}=\frac{99}{100}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{99}{202}< A< \frac{99}{100}\)\(\Rightarrow\)A không phải là số nguyên
\(\Rightarrow99-A\)không là số nguyên \(\Rightarrow\)S không là số nguyên ( đpcm )