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HQ
Hà Quang Minh
Giáo viên
22 tháng 9 2023

a) Với bất kì \({x_0} \in \mathbb{R}\), ta có:

\(f'\left( {{x_0}} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{f\left( x \right) - f\left( {{x_0}} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{{e^x} - {e^{{x_0}}}}}{{x - {x_0}}}\)

Đặt \(x = {x_0} + \Delta x\). Ta có:

\(\begin{array}{l}f'\left( {{x_0}} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{{e^{{x_0} + \Delta x}} - {e^{{x_0}}}}}{{\Delta x}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{{e^{{x_0}}}.{e^{\Delta x}} - {e^{{x_0}}}}}{{\Delta x}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{{e^{{x_0}}}.\left( {{e^{\Delta x}} - 1} \right)}}{{\Delta x}}\\ &  = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} {e^{{x_0}}}.\mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{{e^{\Delta x}} - 1}}{{\Delta x}} = {e^{{x_0}}}.1 = {e^{{x_0}}}\end{array}\)

Vậy \({\left( {{e^x}} \right)^\prime } = {e^x}\) trên \(\mathbb{R}\).

b) Với bất kì \({x_0} > 0\), ta có:

\(f'\left( {{x_0}} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{f\left( x \right) - f\left( {{x_0}} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\ln {\rm{x}} - \ln {{\rm{x}}_0}}}{{x - {x_0}}}\)

Đặt \(x = {x_0} + \Delta x\). Ta có:

\(\begin{array}{l}f'\left( {{x_0}} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{\ln \left( {{x_0} + \Delta x} \right) - \ln {{\rm{x}}_0}}}{{\Delta x}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{\ln \left( {\frac{{{x_0} + \Delta x}}{{{{\rm{x}}_0}}}} \right)}}{{\Delta x}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{\ln \left( {1 + \frac{{\Delta x}}{{{{\rm{x}}_0}}}} \right)}}{{\Delta x}}\\ = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{1}{{{x_0}}}.\frac{{\ln \left( {1 + \frac{{\Delta x}}{{{{\rm{x}}_0}}}} \right)}}{{\frac{{\Delta x}}{{{x_0}}}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{1}{{{x_0}}}.\mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{\ln \left( {1 + \frac{{\Delta x}}{{{{\rm{x}}_0}}}} \right)}}{{\frac{{\Delta x}}{{{x_0}}}}}\end{array}\)

Đặt \(\frac{{\Delta x}}{{{x_0}}} = t\). Lại có: \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{1}{{{x_0}}} = \frac{1}{{{x_0}}};\mathop {\lim }\limits_{\Delta x \to 0} \frac{{\ln \left( {1 + \frac{{\Delta x}}{{{{\rm{x}}_0}}}} \right)}}{{\frac{{\Delta x}}{{{x_0}}}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{t \to 0} \frac{{\ln \left( {1 + t} \right)}}{t} = 1\)

Vậy \(f'\left( {{x_0}} \right) = \frac{1}{{{x_0}}}.1 = \frac{1}{{{x_0}}}\)

Vậy \({\left( {\ln x} \right)^\prime } = \frac{1}{x}\) trên khoảng \(\left( {0; + \infty } \right)\).

NV
8 tháng 3 2020

\(A=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}\frac{\left(x-2\right)\left(2x-1\right)}{x-2}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}\left(2x-1\right)=3\)

\(B=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2-2x+3\right)}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{x^2-2x+3}{x+1}=\frac{1-2+3}{1+1}=1\)

\(C=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}\frac{x^2+2x}{x^2+4x+4}=\frac{4+4}{4+8+4}=\frac{1}{2}\)

\(D=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{x^2-1}{x-2}=\frac{0}{-1}=0\)

\(E=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{x^3-5x^2+3x+9}{x^4-8x^4-9}=\frac{1-5+3+9}{1-8-9}=-\frac{1}{2}\)

NV
8 tháng 3 2020

\(F=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-1}\frac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-3x+3\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-1}\frac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)}{x^2-3x+3}=\frac{-2.2}{1+3+3}=-\frac{2}{5}\)

\(G=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)}{\left(x-1\right)\left(2x+1\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{x+3}{2x+1}=\frac{4}{3}\)

\(H=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-2}\frac{\left(x+2\right)\left(x-1\right)^2}{\left(2-x\right)\left(x+2\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-2}\frac{\left(x-1\right)^2}{2-x}=\frac{9}{4}\)

\(I=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{4x^6-5x^5+1}{x^2-1}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{24x^5-25x^4}{2x}=\frac{24-25}{2}=-\frac{1}{2}\)

\(K=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{x^m-1}{x^n-1}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{mx^{m-1}}{nx^{n-1}}=\frac{m}{n}\)

HQ
Hà Quang Minh
Giáo viên
22 tháng 9 2023

a) Với x > 0 bất kì và \(h = x - {x_0}\) ta có

\(\begin{array}{l}f'\left( {{x_0}} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{h \to 0} \frac{{f\left( {{x_0} + h} \right) - f\left( {{x_0}} \right)}}{h} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{h \to 0} \frac{{\ln \left( {{x_0} + h} \right) - \ln {x_0}}}{h}\\ = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{h \to 0} \frac{{\ln \left( {1 + \frac{h}{{{x_0}}}} \right)}}{{\frac{h}{{{x_0}}}.{x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{h \to 0} \frac{1}{{{x_0}}}.\mathop {\lim }\limits_{h \to 0} \frac{{\ln \left( {1 + \frac{h}{{{x_0}}}} \right)}}{{\frac{h}{{{x_0}}}}} = \frac{1}{{{x_0}}}\end{array}\)

Vậy hàm số \(y = \ln x\) có đạo hàm là hàm số \(y' = \frac{1}{x}\)

b) Ta có \({\log _a}x = \frac{{\ln x}}{{\ln a}}\) nên \(\left( {{{\log }_a}x} \right)' = \left( {\frac{{\ln x}}{{\ln a}}} \right)' = \frac{1}{{x\ln a}}\)

NV
28 tháng 2 2020

Do quá làm biếng dùng Hoocne tách nhân tử nên chúng ta sẽ sử dụng L'Hopital:

\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{4x^6-5x^5+x}{x^2-2x+1}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{24x^5-25x^4+1}{2x-2}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{120x^4-100x^3}{2}=\frac{120-100}{2}=10\)

\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-3}\frac{x^4-6x^2-27}{x^3+3x^2+x+3}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-3}\frac{4x^3-12x}{3x^2+6x+1}=\frac{-36}{5}\)

\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-2}\frac{2x^3+x^2+12}{-x^2-6x-8}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-2}\frac{6x^2+2x}{-2x-6}=-10\)

\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-2}\frac{-2x^3+x-14}{-2x^3-x^2-12}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-2}\frac{-6x^2+1}{-6x^2-2x}=\frac{23}{20}\)

Con cuối ko phải tích phân dạng vô định \(\frac{0}{0}\) bạn cứ thế thẳng -2 vào là được

24 tháng 4 2020

cảm ơn ạ

QT
Quoc Tran Anh Le
Giáo viên
22 tháng 9 2023

\(\begin{array}{l}f'\left( {{x_0}} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{f(x) - f\left( {{x_0}} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\ln x - \ln {x_0}}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\ln \frac{x}{{{x_0}}}}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\frac{{\ln \frac{x}{{{x_0}}}}}{{\ln e}}}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \frac{1}{{\ln e}}.\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\ln \frac{x}{{{x_0}}}}}{{x - {x_0}}}\\ = \frac{1}{{\ln e}}\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\ln \left( {1 + \frac{x}{{{x_0}}} - 1} \right)}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \frac{1}{{\ln e}}\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {x_0}} \frac{{\frac{x}{{{x_0}}} - 1}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \frac{1}{{\ln e}}.\mathop {\lim }\limits_{u \to 0} \frac{{\frac{{x - {x_0}}}{{{x_0}}}}}{{x - {x_0}}} = \frac{1}{{{x_0}\ln e}}\\ \Rightarrow \left( {\ln x} \right)' = \frac{1}{{x\ln e}} = \frac{1}{x}\end{array}\)