Cho x,y là các số thực thỏa mãn x^2+y^2+xy=3 Tìm Max A=x^4+y^4-xy
Giúp mik vs hứa sẽ tik
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1) Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM và bất đẳng thức Schwarz:
\(P=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{a+b}{2}}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+\dfrac{a+b}{2}}=\dfrac{8}{3a+b}\ge8\).
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = \(\dfrac{1}{4}\).
2.
\(4=a^2+b^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2\Rightarrow a+b\le2\sqrt{2}\)
Đồng thời \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge a^2+b^2\Rightarrow a+b\ge2\)
\(M\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4\left(a+b+2\right)}=\dfrac{x^2}{4\left(x+2\right)}\) (với \(x=a+b\Rightarrow2\le x\le2\sqrt{2}\) )
\(M\le\dfrac{x^2}{4\left(x+2\right)}-\sqrt{2}+1+\sqrt{2}-1\)
\(M\le\dfrac{\left(2\sqrt{2}-x\right)\left(x+4-2\sqrt{2}\right)}{4\left(x+2\right)}+\sqrt{2}-1\le\sqrt{2}-1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=2\sqrt{2}\) hay \(a=b=\sqrt{2}\)
3. Chia 2 vế giả thiết cho \(x^2y^2\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}-\dfrac{1}{xy}\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow0\le\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\le4\)
\(A=\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}-\dfrac{1}{xy}\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\le16\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0=>x^2+y^2\ge2xy\\\left(x+y\right)^2\ge0=>x^2+y^2\ge-2xy\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+xy\ge5xy\\2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+xy\ge-3xy\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1\ge5xy\\1\ge-3xy\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{1}{3}\le xy\le\dfrac{1}{5}\)
Ta có:
P=\(2\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2-4x^2y^2+2+\left(x^2+y^2+2xy\right)\)
P= \(\dfrac{2\left(1-xy\right)^2}{4}-4\left(xy\right)^2+2+\left(\dfrac{1-xy}{2}+2xy\right)\)
=\(\dfrac{\left(xy\right)^2-2xy+1}{2}-4\left(xy\right)^2+2+\dfrac{3xy}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Đặt t = xy => \(-\dfrac{1}{3}\le t\le\dfrac{1}{5}\)
Ta có :
P= \(\dfrac{-7t^2}{2}+\dfrac{t}{2}+3=-\dfrac{7}{2}\left(t-\dfrac{1}{14}\right)^2+\dfrac{169}{56}\)
Ta có: \(-\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{14}\le t-\dfrac{1}{14}\le\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{14}\)
<=>\(-\dfrac{17}{42}\le t-\dfrac{1}{14}\le\dfrac{9}{70}\)
=> 0\(\le\left(t-\dfrac{1}{14}\right)^2\le\left(\dfrac{17}{42}\right)^2\)
\(\dfrac{169}{56}\ge P\ge\dfrac{169}{56}-\dfrac{7}{2}\left(\dfrac{17}{42}\right)^2\)
Max P= \(\dfrac{169}{56}\) => t = 1/14 => \(xy=\dfrac{1}{14}\rightarrow x^2+y^2=\dfrac{13}{14}\) => x,y=...
Min P=\(\dfrac{169}{56}-\dfrac{7}{6}\left(\dfrac{17}{42}\right)^2\) <=> \(t=xy=-\dfrac{1}{3}\)
<=> x=-y=\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Theo nguyên lý Dirichlet, trong 3 số x;y;z luôn có 2 số cùng phía so với \(\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử đó là y và z
\(\Rightarrow\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\left(z-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow yz-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(y+z\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y+z-yz\le\dfrac{1}{2}+yz\)
Mặt khác từ giả thiết:
\(1-x^2=y^2+z^2+2xyz\ge2yz+2xyz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-x\right)\left(1+x\right)\ge2yz\left(1+x\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1-x\ge2yz\)
\(\Rightarrow yz\le\dfrac{1-x}{2}\)
Do đó:
\(A=yz+x\left(y+z-yz\right)\le yz+x\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+yz\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}x+yz\left(x+1\right)\le\dfrac{1}{2}x+\left(\dfrac{1-x}{2}\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le-\dfrac{1}{2}x^2+\dfrac{1}{2}x+\dfrac{1}{2}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{5}{8}\le\dfrac{5}{8}\)
\(A_{max}=\dfrac{5}{8}\) khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)
A=x^4+y^4-xy\(-\left(x^2y^2+7xy-9\right)\)
A=\(\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2-2x^2y^2-xy\)
A=\(\left(3-xy\right)^2-2x^2y^2-xy\)
A=\(-\left(x^2y^2+7xy-9\right)\)
A=\(-\left(x^2y^2+6xy+9+xy-18\right)\)
A=\(-\left(xy+3\right)^2-xy+18\)
Đến đây đánh giá xy
Có x^2+y^2+xy=3
hay (x+y)^2=3+xy
suy ra xy+3>=0
hay xy>=-3
Như vậy A<=21
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi x=\(\sqrt{3}\),y=\(-\sqrt{3}\)
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