chứng minh bất đẳng thức :
a, (a +b )^2 < 2( a^2 +b^2)
b, (a+b+c)^2 < 3(a^2+b^2+c^20
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Lời giải:
Bổ sung điều kiện $a,b$ là các số dương. Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si ta có:
$a+b\geq 2\sqrt{ab}$
$\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{1}{ab}}$
$\Rightarrow (a+b)(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b})\geq 2\sqrt{ab}.2\sqrt{\frac{1}{ab}}=4$
Ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b$
Ta có :
\(a^2+b^2+1\ge ab+a+b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+1-ab-a-b\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2-2ab-2a-2b+2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-2a+1\right)+\left(b^2-2b+1\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(b-1\right)^2\ge0\) ( đúng)
\(\left(a+b\right)^2\le2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2-2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2-2a^2-2b^2\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-a^2+2ab-b^2\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\left(a-b\right)^2\le0\) ( dấu "=" xảy ra ⇔ a=b )
\(VT=\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ca}+\dfrac{b^2}{ab+bc}+\dfrac{c^2}{ca+bc}\ge\left(Schwarz\right)\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Mà theo Cô-si ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2+b^2\ge2ab\\b^2+c^2\ge2bc\\c^2+a^2\ge2ca\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\) (hằng đẳng thức)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c
\(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{a+c}+\frac{c}{a+b}\)
\(=\frac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\frac{b^2}{ab+bc}+\frac{c^2}{ac+bc}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\frac{b^2}{ab+bc}+\frac{c^2}{ac+bc}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Ta c/m BĐT phụ: \(ab+bc+ca\le\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)( b tự c/m nhé. Chuyển vế, c/m VP>=0 là xong )
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\frac{b^2}{ab+bc}+\frac{c^2}{ac+bc}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2.\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{1}{\frac{2}{3}}=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
đpcm
Ta có : \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+2ab\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)
Có : \(a,b\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{2}\ge\sqrt{ab}\) ( đpcm )
Vậy ...
a)\(\left(a+b\right)^2\le2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2\le2a^2+2b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0\le2a^2-a^2+2b^2-b^2-2ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0\le a^2-2ab+b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)
=> Đúng
b) \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\le3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac\le3a^2+3b^2+3c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0\le3a^2-a^2+3b^2-b^2+3c^2-c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0\le2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0\le\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ac+a^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)
=> Đúng
a,Ta có : \(\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(a-b\right)^2=2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)
Do : \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)nên \(\left(a+b\right)^2\le2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\).
b, Xét : \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(a-b\right)^2-\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2\) . Khai triển và rút gọn, ta được :
\(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\) . Vậy : \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\le3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)